Waste nutrients harvested: Design and evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus recovery processes utilizing membrane contactor and adsorption techniques

Juho Uzkurt Kaljunen

Waste nutrients harvested: Design and evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus recovery processes utilizing membrane contactor and adsorption techniques

Julkaisun otsikon käännös: Jäteravinteet talteen: Typen ja fosforin talteenoton suunnittelu ja evaluaatio käyttäen kalvo- ja adsorptiotekniikkoja

Juho Uzkurt Kaljunen

Tutkimustuotos: Doctoral Thesis › Collection of Articles

Abstrakti

Maailmaanlaajuinen ruoantuotanto nojaa teollisiin lannoitteisiin. Ihmiskunnan räjähdysmäinen kasvu ei olisi ollut mahdollista ilman prosesseja, jotka sitovat typpeä ilmakehästä ammoniakiksi ja maaperästä louhittua fosforikiveä helposti kasveille saatavaan muotoon. Mutta ihmisten lineaariset (kiertävän vastakohta) kulutustottumukset ovat kostautuneet meille. Tuloksena ravinnejärjestelmät, joihin turvaudumme, käyttävät merkittävän määrän energiaa ja luovat joukon ympäristöongelmia. Tämä väitöskirja pyrkii vastaamaan kysymykseen "kuinka voimme sulkea ravinnekierron?". Erillistä huomiota on kiinnitetty siihen, kuinka ravinteiden kiertoa voi hallita kestävästi sekä ympäristön että talouden kannalta. Erilaisissa jätevirroissa on huomattava määrä ravinteita, joita on mahdollista hyödyntää. Naita ravinteita ei kuitenkaan hyödynnetä tehokkaasti, koska se ei ole taloudellisesti kannattavaa tai kiertolannoitteiden (sekä nesteiden että kiinteiden jakeiden) haitta-ainepitoisuudet ovat liian korkeat. Tämä väitöskirja on tehty NPHarvestin ympärille. NPHarvest on ravinteiden talteenottoteknologia, joka on kehitetty Aalto-yliopistossa. NPHarvest ottaa talteen sekä typen että fosforin nestemaisista jätevirroista. Lopputuotteet ovat puhdas ammoniumsuola sekä kiinteä materiaali, jossa on fosforia, kalkkia ja hiiltä. Tuloksien pohjalta on selvää, että NPHarvest on taloudellisesti kilpailukykyinen teknologia. Talteenottoprosessin uutuus on siinä, että se on suunniteltu sietämään jätevesien korkeaa kiintoainepitoisuutta kuluttamatta suurta määrää energiaa. Tämä pitää prosessin operaatiokulut matalina. NPHarvestin elinkaarianalyysin mukaan prosessi on ympäristön tilaa parantava tai neutraali useimmissa vaikutuskategorioissa. Ilmastonmuutoksen suhteen NPHarvestilla on potentiaali olla positiivinen (hiilinegatiivinen). Lisaksi tämä väitöskirja tarkastelee fosforin talteenottoa kemiallisesti saostetusta lietteestä. Talteenotto siitä materiaalista on tekniseltä kannalta mahdollista, mutta tällä hetkellä se ei ole tarpeeksi kannattavaa suuren mittakaavan sovellusta varten. Jätepohjaiset biomateriaalit osoittautuivat sopivaksi keinoksi ottaa fosfori talteen sen jälkeen, kun se oli liuotettu hapolla irti liitteestä. Fosforilla ladattu biomateriaali voi toimia orgaanisena lannoitteena. Lopuksi tämä väitöskirja pohdiskelee ravinteiden talteenoton vaikutuksia laajempaan kokonaisuuteen. Ravinteiden talteenotto edustaa siirtymää kohti resurssien talteenottolaitoksia, en lisäksi että se mahdollistaa naiden laitosten toiminnan kustannustehokkaammin. Lisäksi ravinteiden talteenotto mahdollistaa hajautetut käsittelyratkaisut, mikäli siihen suuntaan on tarpeellista mennä. Pohdiskelun lopuksi mietin, mitä tarkoittaa kestävä teknologia.

Julkaisun otsikon käännös	Jäteravinteet talteen: Typen ja fosforin talteenoton suunnittelu ja evaluaatio käyttäen kalvo- ja adsorptiotekniikkoja
Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Pätevyys	Tohtorintutkinto
Myöntävä instituutio	Aalto-yliopisto
Valvoja/neuvonantaja	Mikola, Anna, Vastuuprofessori Al-Juboori, Raed, Ohjaaja
Kustantaja	Aalto University
Painoksen ISBN	978-952-64-1136-1
Sähköinen ISBN	978-952-64-1137-8
Tila	Julkaistu - 2023
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja

Tutkimusalat

jäteveden kasittely
ravinteiden talteenotto
kiertotalous

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Tämä tuotos edistää seuraavia kestävän kehityksen tavoitteita:

Pääsy asiakirjaan

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-64-1137-8

Näinkö Suomen riippuvuus Venäjästä vähenee?
Kaljunen, J.
26/12/2024
1 kohde/ Medianäkyvyys
Lehdistö/media: Esiintyminen mediassa
Suomalainen Juho keksi palkitun tekniikan, joka voi mullistaa ravinteiden keräämisen jätevedestä
Kaljunen, J.
05/12/2024
1 kohde/ Medianäkyvyys
Lehdistö/media: Esiintyminen mediassa
Vuoden parhaan väitöskirjan reseptillä ”yäk-asiasta” jalostuu tuote, jota ilman emme voisi elää
Kaljunen, J.
03/12/2024
1 kohde/ Medianäkyvyys
Lehdistö/media: Esiintyminen mediassa

Siteeraa tätä

@phdthesis{d41b3f021fb04378ba471f6ff0924dc7,

title = "Waste nutrients harvested: Design and evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus recovery processes utilizing membrane contactor and adsorption techniques",

abstract = "Global food production relies on industrial fertilizers. The explosive growth of the human population would not have been possible without processes that bind nitrogen from the atmosphere to ammonia and mined phosphate rock to easily soluble products. However, the linear consumption pattern (as opposed to circular) has backfired on us. As a result, the nutrient systems we rely on consume significant amounts of energy and create an array of environmental problems. This dissertation focuses on the question: 'How can we close the nutrient loop?' Furthermore, special attention is paid to managing nutrient recycling in an environmentally and economically sustainable way. There is a vast quantity of nutrients available in different concentrated waste streams. However, these nutrients are not recycled efficiently because it is economically unfeasible or there are concerns about pollutants. These concerns apply to both liquid and solid waste streams. This dissertation is built around NPHarvest, a nutrient recovery technology developed at Aalto University. NPHarvest recovers both nitrogen and phosphorus from liquid waste streams with high efficiency. The end products are clean ammonia salt and solid material that contains phosphorus, calcium and carbon. The dissertation found that NPHarvest as a technology is economically competitive. The recovery process's novelty is how well it is designed to tolerate suspended solids in a wastewater environment and operate with low energy consumption, which decreases operational costs. Upon studying the life cycle assessment of the process, NPHarvest environmental performance was found to be positive or neutral in most impact categories. The process has the potential to be climate-positive (carbon-negative) with further optimization. Additionally, this dissertation examines P recovery from chemically precipitated sludge. It is technically possible, but not feasible enough, to be implemented on a large scale with currently available technologies. Waste-based biosolid materials proved to be a suitable pathway to capture phosphorus after acidleaching. The phosphorus-loaded biosolid can function as organic fertilizers. Finally, the dissertation reflects on the implications of systemwide nutrient recovery. Nutrient recovery is a shift towards transforming treatment plants to resource recovery plants, in addition to enabling the facilities to reach better cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, nutrient recovery enables decentralized treatment systems should they be desired. To finish the discussion, the true meaning of sustainable technology is discussed.",

keywords = "wastewater treatment, nutrient recovery, circular economy, NPHarvest, j{\"a}teveden kasittely, ravinteiden talteenotto, kiertotalous, wastewater treatment, nutrient recovery, circular economy, NPHarvest",

author = "Kaljunen, {Juho Uzkurt}",

year = "2023",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-952-64-1136-1",

series = "Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES",

publisher = "Aalto University",

number = "14",

address = "Finland",

school = "Aalto University",

}

TY - BOOK

T1 - Waste nutrients harvested: Design and evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus recovery processes utilizing membrane contactor and adsorption techniques

AU - Kaljunen, Juho Uzkurt

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Global food production relies on industrial fertilizers. The explosive growth of the human population would not have been possible without processes that bind nitrogen from the atmosphere to ammonia and mined phosphate rock to easily soluble products. However, the linear consumption pattern (as opposed to circular) has backfired on us. As a result, the nutrient systems we rely on consume significant amounts of energy and create an array of environmental problems. This dissertation focuses on the question: 'How can we close the nutrient loop?' Furthermore, special attention is paid to managing nutrient recycling in an environmentally and economically sustainable way. There is a vast quantity of nutrients available in different concentrated waste streams. However, these nutrients are not recycled efficiently because it is economically unfeasible or there are concerns about pollutants. These concerns apply to both liquid and solid waste streams. This dissertation is built around NPHarvest, a nutrient recovery technology developed at Aalto University. NPHarvest recovers both nitrogen and phosphorus from liquid waste streams with high efficiency. The end products are clean ammonia salt and solid material that contains phosphorus, calcium and carbon. The dissertation found that NPHarvest as a technology is economically competitive. The recovery process's novelty is how well it is designed to tolerate suspended solids in a wastewater environment and operate with low energy consumption, which decreases operational costs. Upon studying the life cycle assessment of the process, NPHarvest environmental performance was found to be positive or neutral in most impact categories. The process has the potential to be climate-positive (carbon-negative) with further optimization. Additionally, this dissertation examines P recovery from chemically precipitated sludge. It is technically possible, but not feasible enough, to be implemented on a large scale with currently available technologies. Waste-based biosolid materials proved to be a suitable pathway to capture phosphorus after acidleaching. The phosphorus-loaded biosolid can function as organic fertilizers. Finally, the dissertation reflects on the implications of systemwide nutrient recovery. Nutrient recovery is a shift towards transforming treatment plants to resource recovery plants, in addition to enabling the facilities to reach better cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, nutrient recovery enables decentralized treatment systems should they be desired. To finish the discussion, the true meaning of sustainable technology is discussed.

AB - Global food production relies on industrial fertilizers. The explosive growth of the human population would not have been possible without processes that bind nitrogen from the atmosphere to ammonia and mined phosphate rock to easily soluble products. However, the linear consumption pattern (as opposed to circular) has backfired on us. As a result, the nutrient systems we rely on consume significant amounts of energy and create an array of environmental problems. This dissertation focuses on the question: 'How can we close the nutrient loop?' Furthermore, special attention is paid to managing nutrient recycling in an environmentally and economically sustainable way. There is a vast quantity of nutrients available in different concentrated waste streams. However, these nutrients are not recycled efficiently because it is economically unfeasible or there are concerns about pollutants. These concerns apply to both liquid and solid waste streams. This dissertation is built around NPHarvest, a nutrient recovery technology developed at Aalto University. NPHarvest recovers both nitrogen and phosphorus from liquid waste streams with high efficiency. The end products are clean ammonia salt and solid material that contains phosphorus, calcium and carbon. The dissertation found that NPHarvest as a technology is economically competitive. The recovery process's novelty is how well it is designed to tolerate suspended solids in a wastewater environment and operate with low energy consumption, which decreases operational costs. Upon studying the life cycle assessment of the process, NPHarvest environmental performance was found to be positive or neutral in most impact categories. The process has the potential to be climate-positive (carbon-negative) with further optimization. Additionally, this dissertation examines P recovery from chemically precipitated sludge. It is technically possible, but not feasible enough, to be implemented on a large scale with currently available technologies. Waste-based biosolid materials proved to be a suitable pathway to capture phosphorus after acidleaching. The phosphorus-loaded biosolid can function as organic fertilizers. Finally, the dissertation reflects on the implications of systemwide nutrient recovery. Nutrient recovery is a shift towards transforming treatment plants to resource recovery plants, in addition to enabling the facilities to reach better cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, nutrient recovery enables decentralized treatment systems should they be desired. To finish the discussion, the true meaning of sustainable technology is discussed.

KW - wastewater treatment

KW - nutrient recovery

KW - circular economy

KW - NPHarvest

KW - jäteveden kasittely

KW - ravinteiden talteenotto

KW - kiertotalous

KW - wastewater treatment

KW - nutrient recovery

KW - circular economy

KW - NPHarvest

M3 - Doctoral Thesis

SN - 978-952-64-1136-1

T3 - Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES

PB - Aalto University

ER -

Waste nutrients harvested: Design and evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus recovery processes utilizing membrane contactor and adsorption techniques

Abstrakti

Tutkimusalat

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Pääsy asiakirjaan

Sormenjälki

Lehtileikkeet

Näinkö Suomen riippuvuus Venäjästä vähenee?

Suomalainen Juho keksi palkitun tekniikan, joka voi mullistaa ravinteiden keräämisen jätevedestä

Vuoden parhaan väitöskirjan reseptillä ”yäk-asiasta” jalostuu tuote, jota ilman emme voisi elää

Siteeraa tätä