Toxicity Identification and Evolution Mechanism of Thermolysis-Driven Gas Emissions from Cathodes of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Engineering & Materials Science

• Thermolysis 100%
• Toxicity 72%
• Lithium-ion batteries 65%
• Gas emissions 62%
• Cathodes 60%
• Gases 34%
• Recycling 15%
• Metal recovery 11%
• Strategic materials 11%
• Ionization 9%
• Chemical analysis 9%
• Mass spectrometry 9%
• Differential thermal analysis 9%
• Differential scanning calorimetry 8%
• Thermogravimetric analysis 8%
• Electrons 7%
• X ray diffraction 7%
• Hydrocarbons 6%
• Scanning electron microscopy 6%
• Availability 5%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• lithium 65%
• battery 61%
• toxicity 45%
• ion 38%
• gas 31%
• recycling 10%
• differential thermal analysis 8%
• thermogravimetry 8%
• environmental assessment 7%
• calorimetry 7%
• fluoride 6%
• chemical 6%
• chemical analysis 6%
• ionization 6%
• mass spectrometry 5%
• chemical composition 5%
• X-ray diffraction 5%

Chemical Compounds

• Cathode 44%
• Thermolysis 37%
• Gas 32%
• Toxic Substance 26%
• Electron Ionization 15%
• Recycling 11%
• Thermoanalysis 10%
• Differential Scanning Calorimetry 8%
• Hydrocarbon 8%
• Mass Spectrometry 8%
• Scanning Electron Microscopy 7%
• X-Ray Diffraction 6%
• Metal 5%