TY - JOUR
T1 - The air temperature change effect on water quality in the Kvarken Archipelago area
AU - Girgibo, N.
AU - Lü, X.
AU - Hiltunen, E.
AU - Peura, P.
AU - Dai, Z.
N1 - Funding Information:
All the experts who participated in the whole research are acknowledged. Funding organizations of the foundation of the University of Vaasa, the Ella and George Foundation and the Finnish Cultural Foundation are acknowledged for doctoral study grants for Nebiyu Girgibo. Additional salary and cost support received for Nebiyu Girgibo from the Academy of Finland funding in the Profi 4 project are acknowledged. The University of Vaasa was also acknowledged for suitable research workmates, resources and employment.
Funding Information:
The first author (Nebiyu Girgibo) received doctoral student funding from the University of Vaasa foundation, the Ella and George Foundation and the Finnish Cultural Foundation during conducting the research. Additional salary and cost support were received for Nebiyu Girgibo from the Academy of Finland funding in the Profi 4 project.
Funding Information:
All the experts who participated in the whole research are acknowledged. Funding organizations of the foundation of the University of Vaasa, the Ella and George Foundation and the Finnish Cultural Foundation are acknowledged for doctoral study grants for Nebiyu Girgibo. Additional salary and cost support received for Nebiyu Girgibo from the Academy of Finland funding in the Profi 4 project are acknowledged. The University of Vaasa was also acknowledged for suitable research workmates, resources and employment.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/5/20
Y1 - 2023/5/20
N2 - The Kvarken Archipelago is Finland's World Heritage site designated by UNESCO. How climate change has affected the Kvaken Archipelago remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate this issue by analyzing air temperature and water quality in this area. Here we use long-term historical data sets of 61 years from several monitoring stations. Water quality parameters included chlorophyll-a; total phosphorus; total nitrogen; coliform bacteria thermos tolerant; temperature; nitrate as nitrogen; nitrite-nitrate as nitrogen, and Secchi depth and correlations analysis was conducted to identify the most relevant parameters. Based on the correlation analysis of weather data and water quality parameters, air temperature showed a significant correlation with water temperature (Pearson's correlations = 0.89691, P < 0.0001). The air temperature increased in April (R2 (goodness-of-fit) = 0.2109 & P = 0.0009) and July (R2 = 0.1207 & P = 0.0155) which has indirectly increased the chlorophyll-a level (e.g. in June increasing slope = 0.39101, R2 = 0.4685, P < 0.0001) an indicator of phytoplankton growth and abundance in the water systems. The study concludes that there might be indirect effects of the likely increase in air temperature on water quality in the Kvarken Archipelago, in particular causing water temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration to increase at least in some months.
AB - The Kvarken Archipelago is Finland's World Heritage site designated by UNESCO. How climate change has affected the Kvaken Archipelago remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate this issue by analyzing air temperature and water quality in this area. Here we use long-term historical data sets of 61 years from several monitoring stations. Water quality parameters included chlorophyll-a; total phosphorus; total nitrogen; coliform bacteria thermos tolerant; temperature; nitrate as nitrogen; nitrite-nitrate as nitrogen, and Secchi depth and correlations analysis was conducted to identify the most relevant parameters. Based on the correlation analysis of weather data and water quality parameters, air temperature showed a significant correlation with water temperature (Pearson's correlations = 0.89691, P < 0.0001). The air temperature increased in April (R2 (goodness-of-fit) = 0.2109 & P = 0.0009) and July (R2 = 0.1207 & P = 0.0155) which has indirectly increased the chlorophyll-a level (e.g. in June increasing slope = 0.39101, R2 = 0.4685, P < 0.0001) an indicator of phytoplankton growth and abundance in the water systems. The study concludes that there might be indirect effects of the likely increase in air temperature on water quality in the Kvarken Archipelago, in particular causing water temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration to increase at least in some months.
KW - Chlorophyll-a
KW - Climate
KW - Climate change effects
KW - Global warming
KW - Water and air temperature
KW - Water quality
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85149314949&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162599
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162599
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85149314949
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 874
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 162599
ER -
