TY - JOUR
T1 - Statistical Investigation of Climate Change Effects on the Utilization of the Sediment Heat Energy
AU - Girgibo, Nebiyu
AU - Mäkiranta, Anne
AU - Lü, Xiaoshu
AU - Hiltunen, Erkki
N1 - Funding Information:
The researcher N.G. received funding from E.E. and G.E. foundation during work on this article. The University of Vaasa is acknowledged for providing a suitable working environment, researchers, resources, and costs coverage. Acknowledgments: We acknowledge the E.E. and G.E. foundation for providing a doctoral student grant to N.G. during the period of writing this article. We also want to thank the University of Vaasa for their support during the research period. We would also like to acknowledge N.R. for proofreading and editing.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/1/1
Y1 - 2022/1/1
N2 - Suvilahti, a suburb of the city of Vaasa in western Finland, was the first area to use seabed sediment heat as the main source of heating for a high number of houses. Moreover, in the same area, a unique land uplift effect is ongoing. The aim of this paper is to solve the challenges and find opportunities caused by global warming by utilizing seabed sediment energy as a renewable heat source. Measurement data of water and air temperature were analyzed, and correlations were established for the sediment temperature data using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Enterprise Guide 7.1. software. The analysis and provisional forecast based on the autoregression integrated moving average (ARIMA) model revealed that air and water temperatures show incremental increases through time, and that sediment temperature has positive correlations with water temperature with a 2-month lag. Therefore, sediment heat energy is also expected to increase in the future. Factor analysis validations show that the data have a normal cluster and no particular outliers. This study concludes that sediment heat energy can be considered in prominent renewable production, transforming climate change into a useful solution, at least in summertime.
AB - Suvilahti, a suburb of the city of Vaasa in western Finland, was the first area to use seabed sediment heat as the main source of heating for a high number of houses. Moreover, in the same area, a unique land uplift effect is ongoing. The aim of this paper is to solve the challenges and find opportunities caused by global warming by utilizing seabed sediment energy as a renewable heat source. Measurement data of water and air temperature were analyzed, and correlations were established for the sediment temperature data using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Enterprise Guide 7.1. software. The analysis and provisional forecast based on the autoregression integrated moving average (ARIMA) model revealed that air and water temperatures show incremental increases through time, and that sediment temperature has positive correlations with water temperature with a 2-month lag. Therefore, sediment heat energy is also expected to increase in the future. Factor analysis validations show that the data have a normal cluster and no particular outliers. This study concludes that sediment heat energy can be considered in prominent renewable production, transforming climate change into a useful solution, at least in summertime.
KW - Autoregression integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling forecast
KW - Factor analysis
KW - Pearson’s correlations
KW - Renewable energy
KW - Sediment temperature
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122245333&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/en15020435
DO - 10.3390/en15020435
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85122245333
SN - 1996-1073
VL - 15
JO - Energies
JF - Energies
IS - 2
M1 - 435
ER -
