Source separation and anaerobic co-digestion of blackwater and food waste for biogas production and nutrient recovery

Donya Kamravamanesh; Marika Kokko

doi:10.2166/wst.2024.251

Source separation and anaerobic co-digestion of blackwater and food waste for biogas production and nutrient recovery

Donya Kamravamanesh, Marika Kokko

Biotuotteiden ja biotekniikan laitos

Tampere University

Tutkimustuotos: Lehtiartikkeli › Article › Scientific › vertaisarvioitu

2 Sitaatiot (Scopus)

34 Lataukset (Pure)

Abstrakti

Anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated blackwater (BW) and food and kitchen waste (FW) offers decentralized circular economy solutions by enabling local production of biogas and nutrient-rich byproducts. In this study, a 2 m³ pilot-scale continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated under mesophilic conditions was utilized for co-digestion of BW and FW. The process obtained a CH₄ yield of 0.7 ± 0.2 m³/kg influent-volatile solid (VS), reaching a maximum yield of 1.1 ± 0.1 m³/kg influent-VS, with an average organic loading rate of 0.6 ± 0.1 kg-VS/m³/d and HRT of 25 days. The CH₄ production rate averaged 0.4 ± 0.1 m³/m³/d, peaking at 0.6 ± 0.1 m³/m³/d. Treatment of digestate through flocculation followed by sedimentation recovered over 90% of ammonium nitrogen and potassium, and 80-85% of total phosphorus in the liquid fraction. This nutrient-rich liquid was used to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris, achieving a biomass concentration of 1.2 ± 0.1 g/L and 85 ± 3% and 78 ± 5% ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, respectively. These findings not only highlight the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated BW and FW in local biogas production but also demonstrate the potential of microalgae cultivation as a sustainable approach to converting digestate into nutrient-rich algae biomass.

Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Sivut	1082-1098
Sivumäärä	17
Julkaisu	Water Science & Technology
Vuosikerta	90
Numero	3
Varhainen verkossa julkaisun päivämäärä	22 heinäk. 2024
DOI - pysyväislinkit	https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.251
Tila	Julkaistu - 1 elok. 2024
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Rahoitus

The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Kaute Foundation for funding this research. In addition, we acknowledge the city of Tampere for providing the necessary space, BW from vacuum toilets, and a pilot-scale biogas reactor for the experiments. Special thanks are also extended to Anni Kelola for her diligent work in pretreating the feedstocks and assisting with both laboratory and pilot setups, and to Antti Nuottajärvi for his valuable assistance in operating the pilot-scale biogas reactor

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abstract = "Anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated blackwater (BW) and food and kitchen waste (FW) offers decentralized circular economy solutions by enabling local production of biogas and nutrient-rich byproducts. In this study, a 2 m3 pilot-scale continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated under mesophilic conditions was utilized for co-digestion of BW and FW. The process obtained a CH4 yield of 0.7 ± 0.2 m3/kg influent-volatile solid (VS), reaching a maximum yield of 1.1 ± 0.1 m3/kg influent-VS, with an average organic loading rate of 0.6 ± 0.1 kg-VS/m3/d and HRT of 25 days. The CH4 production rate averaged 0.4 ± 0.1 m3/m3/d, peaking at 0.6 ± 0.1 m3/m3/d. Treatment of digestate through flocculation followed by sedimentation recovered over 90\% of ammonium nitrogen and potassium, and 80-85\% of total phosphorus in the liquid fraction. This nutrient-rich liquid was used to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris, achieving a biomass concentration of 1.2 ± 0.1 g/L and 85 ± 3\% and 78 ± 5\% ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, respectively. These findings not only highlight the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated BW and FW in local biogas production but also demonstrate the potential of microalgae cultivation as a sustainable approach to converting digestate into nutrient-rich algae biomass.",

keywords = "anaerobic co-digestion, blackwater, food waste, microalgae, nutrient recovery, source separation",

author = "Donya Kamravamanesh and Marika Kokko",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 The Authors This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying, adaptation and redistribution, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",

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month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.2166/wst.2024.251",

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T1 - Source separation and anaerobic co-digestion of blackwater and food waste for biogas production and nutrient recovery

AU - Kamravamanesh, Donya

AU - Kokko, Marika

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying, adaptation and redistribution, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PY - 2024/8/1

Y1 - 2024/8/1

N2 - Anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated blackwater (BW) and food and kitchen waste (FW) offers decentralized circular economy solutions by enabling local production of biogas and nutrient-rich byproducts. In this study, a 2 m3 pilot-scale continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated under mesophilic conditions was utilized for co-digestion of BW and FW. The process obtained a CH4 yield of 0.7 ± 0.2 m3/kg influent-volatile solid (VS), reaching a maximum yield of 1.1 ± 0.1 m3/kg influent-VS, with an average organic loading rate of 0.6 ± 0.1 kg-VS/m3/d and HRT of 25 days. The CH4 production rate averaged 0.4 ± 0.1 m3/m3/d, peaking at 0.6 ± 0.1 m3/m3/d. Treatment of digestate through flocculation followed by sedimentation recovered over 90% of ammonium nitrogen and potassium, and 80-85% of total phosphorus in the liquid fraction. This nutrient-rich liquid was used to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris, achieving a biomass concentration of 1.2 ± 0.1 g/L and 85 ± 3% and 78 ± 5% ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, respectively. These findings not only highlight the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated BW and FW in local biogas production but also demonstrate the potential of microalgae cultivation as a sustainable approach to converting digestate into nutrient-rich algae biomass.

AB - Anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated blackwater (BW) and food and kitchen waste (FW) offers decentralized circular economy solutions by enabling local production of biogas and nutrient-rich byproducts. In this study, a 2 m3 pilot-scale continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated under mesophilic conditions was utilized for co-digestion of BW and FW. The process obtained a CH4 yield of 0.7 ± 0.2 m3/kg influent-volatile solid (VS), reaching a maximum yield of 1.1 ± 0.1 m3/kg influent-VS, with an average organic loading rate of 0.6 ± 0.1 kg-VS/m3/d and HRT of 25 days. The CH4 production rate averaged 0.4 ± 0.1 m3/m3/d, peaking at 0.6 ± 0.1 m3/m3/d. Treatment of digestate through flocculation followed by sedimentation recovered over 90% of ammonium nitrogen and potassium, and 80-85% of total phosphorus in the liquid fraction. This nutrient-rich liquid was used to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris, achieving a biomass concentration of 1.2 ± 0.1 g/L and 85 ± 3% and 78 ± 5% ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, respectively. These findings not only highlight the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated BW and FW in local biogas production but also demonstrate the potential of microalgae cultivation as a sustainable approach to converting digestate into nutrient-rich algae biomass.

KW - anaerobic co-digestion

KW - blackwater

KW - food waste

KW - microalgae

KW - nutrient recovery

KW - source separation

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85201251489

U2 - 10.2166/wst.2024.251

DO - 10.2166/wst.2024.251

M3 - Article

C2 - 39141053

AN - SCOPUS:85201251489

SN - 0273-1223

VL - 90

SP - 1082

EP - 1098

JO - Water Science & Technology

JF - Water Science & Technology

IS - 3

ER -

Source separation and anaerobic co-digestion of blackwater and food waste for biogas production and nutrient recovery

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