Social contexts and narratives in knowledge management for situational awareness

Pekka Luokkala

Social contexts and narratives in knowledge management for situational awareness

Julkaisun otsikon käännös: Tietojohtamisen sosiaaliset kontekstit ja narratiivit tilannetietoisuudessa

Pekka Luokkala

Tutkimustuotos: Doctoral Thesis › Collection of Articles

Abstrakti

Kriisiorganisaatioiden on vastattava kriiseihin nopeasti ja tehokkaasti minimoidakseen kriisien negatiiviset seuraukset, kuten niiden yhteiskunnalliset ja taloudelliset kustannukset ja kuolemantapausten määrän. Vastatakseen kriiseihin tehokkaasti kriisiorganisaation täytyy luoda ja jakaa tilanneinformaatiota ja saavuttaa tilannetietoisuus. Näiden tavoitteiden saavuttamista tuetaan usein informaatiojärjestelmillä, joita ovat esimerkiksi tilannekuvajärjestelmät. Informaatiojärjestelmät voivat kuitenkin aiheuttaa myös onglemia jotka hidastavat tilannetietoisuuden saavuttamista. Tällaisia ongelmia ovat informaation ylikuorma ja kompleksisuus. Informaation ylikuorma viittaa tilanteeseen jossa luotujen ja jaettujen tilanneinformaation elementtien suuri määrä vaikeuttaa relevanttien elementtien havaitsemista. Tilanneinformaation kompleksisuus viittaa haasteisiin ymmärtää kuinka tilanneinformaation elementit liittyvät toisiinsa ja minkälaisen kokonaiskuvan ne muodostavat tilanteesta yhdessä. Näiden ongelmien vähentäminen tekisi kriisivasteesta tehokkaamman ja vähentäisin kriisien negatiivisia vaikutuksia.Tämän tutkimuksen päätavoitteena on vähentää tilanneinformaation ylikuorman ja kompleksisuuden ongelmia kun tilannekuvajärjestelmää käytetään tilannetietoisuuden tukemiseen kriisivasteessa. Tämä tutkimus keskittyy 1) siihen kuinka tilannetietoisuutta luodaan vuorovaikutuksessa joka on hajautunut koko kriisiorganisaation laajuudelle ja 2) siihen kuinka voidaan vähentää informaation ylikuormaa ja kompleksisuutta. Tutkimuksen analyysiosa sisältää datan keräämisen neljässä tapaustutkimuksessa sekä kirjallisuustutkimusta. Suunnitteluosa sisältää kontekstitietoisen tilannekuvajärjestelmän (CACOP) konseptin kehittämisen. Suunnitteluosan menetelmänä on käsitteellinen ja teoreettinen tutkimus sekä analoginen päättely jossa imitoidaan ihmisen kognitiivisia toimintoja. Konseptia demonstroidaan tapaustutkimuksessa jossa tilanneinformaationa ovat häiriöt kriittisissä infrastruktuureissa. CACOP-konseptin avulla on mahdollista vähentää informaation ylikuorman ja kompleksisuuden ongelmia. Kriisiorganisaation analyysissa havaittiin, että tilannetietoisuutta luodaan sosiaalisissa konteksteissa tilannenarratiivien muodossa. Toisin kuin useat perinteiset tilannekuvajärjestelmät, CACOP-konsepti on kehitetty tietojohtamisen näkökulmasta. CACOP-konsepti tunnistaa kontekstin, ja tukee käyttäjää havaitsemaan sellaisia tilanneinformaation elementtejä, jotka ovat relevantteja tunnistetussa kontekstissa, sekä yhdistämään näitä elementtejä tilannenarratiiviksi. Muodostetut tilannenarratiivit tukevat CACOP-konseptin käyttäjää tilanteen kokonaiskuvan ymmärtämisessä.

Julkaisun otsikon käännös	Tietojohtamisen sosiaaliset kontekstit ja narratiivit tilannetietoisuudessa
Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Pätevyys	Tohtorintutkinto
Myöntävä instituutio	Aalto-yliopisto
Valvoja/neuvonantaja	Virrantaus, Kirsi-Kanerva, Vastuuprofessori Torkki, Paulus, Ohjaaja
Kustantaja	Aalto University
Painoksen ISBN	978-952-60-7299-9
Sähköinen ISBN	978-952-60-7298-2
Tila	Julkaistu - 2017
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja

Tutkimusalat

kriisinhallinta
tilannetietoisuus
informaation ylikuorma
informaation kompleksisuus
sosiaalinen konteksti
narratiivi

Pääsy asiakirjaan

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-7298-2Lisenssi: Määrittelemätön

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@phdthesis{e00542ec9f5b416d9f42c34e0689e5c4,

title = "Social contexts and narratives in knowledge management for situational awareness",

abstract = "Crises require a quick and effective response performed by the response organization in order to minimize the negative consequences of the crisis, such as societal and economic costs and the number of deaths. The response actors and the response organization have to create and share situational information and to achieve situational awareness (SA). These goals are usually supported by information systems, such as common operational pictures (COP). However, the information systems also have problems which impede the user's achievement of SA: information overload and the complexity of the situational information. The problem of information overload refers to the challenges involved in perceiving the relevant situational information when a large amount of information are created and shared. The problem of the complexity of the situational information refers to the challenges involved in the comprehension of how the elements of situational information constitute an overall picture of the situation when put together. Reducing these problems would make the response more effective and reduce the negative effects of the crisis. The main goal of this research is to reduce the problems of information overload and the complexity of the situational information in a crisis response. This research focuses on: 1) how SA is created both at the individual and organizational levels in the interactions that occur in a decentralized manner in several parts of the response organization and 2) how to reduce the problems of information overload and the complexity of the situational information. The analysis part of the research process includes data collection from four case studies and literature research. The design part includes developing a concept of a context-aware common operational picture (CACOP). The methods used in the development of the CACOP concept are conceptual and theoretical research and analogical reasoning in which human cognition is imitated. The demonstration of the conceptual solution is developed in a case study where the situational information relates to critical infrastructure failures. The CACOP concept potentially reduces the above-mentioned problems. Based on the analysis of response organizations, SA is created in the form of a situational narrative in social contexts. In contrast to the many traditional COPs, the CACOP concept is developed on the basis of the analysis of the response organization from the perspective of knowledge management. CACOP identifies the context and supports the user in perceiving the elements of situational information relevant in that context and combining the elements of the situational information into the form of a situational narrative. Situational narratives support the CACOP user's comprehension of the overall picture of the situation.",

keywords = "crisis management, situational awareness, information overload, complexity of the situational information, social context, narrative, kriisinhallinta, tilannetietoisuus, informaation ylikuorma, informaation kompleksisuus, sosiaalinen konteksti, narratiivi, crisis management, situational awareness, information overload, complexity of the situational information, social context, narrative",

author = "Pekka Luokkala",

year = "2017",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-952-60-7299-9",

series = "Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS",

publisher = "Aalto University",

number = "27",

address = "Finland",

school = "Aalto University",

}

TY - BOOK

T1 - Social contexts and narratives in knowledge management for situational awareness

AU - Luokkala, Pekka

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - Crises require a quick and effective response performed by the response organization in order to minimize the negative consequences of the crisis, such as societal and economic costs and the number of deaths. The response actors and the response organization have to create and share situational information and to achieve situational awareness (SA). These goals are usually supported by information systems, such as common operational pictures (COP). However, the information systems also have problems which impede the user's achievement of SA: information overload and the complexity of the situational information. The problem of information overload refers to the challenges involved in perceiving the relevant situational information when a large amount of information are created and shared. The problem of the complexity of the situational information refers to the challenges involved in the comprehension of how the elements of situational information constitute an overall picture of the situation when put together. Reducing these problems would make the response more effective and reduce the negative effects of the crisis. The main goal of this research is to reduce the problems of information overload and the complexity of the situational information in a crisis response. This research focuses on: 1) how SA is created both at the individual and organizational levels in the interactions that occur in a decentralized manner in several parts of the response organization and 2) how to reduce the problems of information overload and the complexity of the situational information. The analysis part of the research process includes data collection from four case studies and literature research. The design part includes developing a concept of a context-aware common operational picture (CACOP). The methods used in the development of the CACOP concept are conceptual and theoretical research and analogical reasoning in which human cognition is imitated. The demonstration of the conceptual solution is developed in a case study where the situational information relates to critical infrastructure failures. The CACOP concept potentially reduces the above-mentioned problems. Based on the analysis of response organizations, SA is created in the form of a situational narrative in social contexts. In contrast to the many traditional COPs, the CACOP concept is developed on the basis of the analysis of the response organization from the perspective of knowledge management. CACOP identifies the context and supports the user in perceiving the elements of situational information relevant in that context and combining the elements of the situational information into the form of a situational narrative. Situational narratives support the CACOP user's comprehension of the overall picture of the situation.

AB - Crises require a quick and effective response performed by the response organization in order to minimize the negative consequences of the crisis, such as societal and economic costs and the number of deaths. The response actors and the response organization have to create and share situational information and to achieve situational awareness (SA). These goals are usually supported by information systems, such as common operational pictures (COP). However, the information systems also have problems which impede the user's achievement of SA: information overload and the complexity of the situational information. The problem of information overload refers to the challenges involved in perceiving the relevant situational information when a large amount of information are created and shared. The problem of the complexity of the situational information refers to the challenges involved in the comprehension of how the elements of situational information constitute an overall picture of the situation when put together. Reducing these problems would make the response more effective and reduce the negative effects of the crisis. The main goal of this research is to reduce the problems of information overload and the complexity of the situational information in a crisis response. This research focuses on: 1) how SA is created both at the individual and organizational levels in the interactions that occur in a decentralized manner in several parts of the response organization and 2) how to reduce the problems of information overload and the complexity of the situational information. The analysis part of the research process includes data collection from four case studies and literature research. The design part includes developing a concept of a context-aware common operational picture (CACOP). The methods used in the development of the CACOP concept are conceptual and theoretical research and analogical reasoning in which human cognition is imitated. The demonstration of the conceptual solution is developed in a case study where the situational information relates to critical infrastructure failures. The CACOP concept potentially reduces the above-mentioned problems. Based on the analysis of response organizations, SA is created in the form of a situational narrative in social contexts. In contrast to the many traditional COPs, the CACOP concept is developed on the basis of the analysis of the response organization from the perspective of knowledge management. CACOP identifies the context and supports the user in perceiving the elements of situational information relevant in that context and combining the elements of the situational information into the form of a situational narrative. Situational narratives support the CACOP user's comprehension of the overall picture of the situation.

KW - crisis management

KW - situational awareness

KW - information overload

KW - complexity of the situational information

KW - social context

KW - narrative

KW - kriisinhallinta

KW - tilannetietoisuus

KW - informaation ylikuorma

KW - informaation kompleksisuus

KW - sosiaalinen konteksti

KW - narratiivi

KW - crisis management

KW - situational awareness

KW - information overload

KW - complexity of the situational information

KW - social context

KW - narrative

M3 - Doctoral Thesis

SN - 978-952-60-7299-9

T3 - Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS

PB - Aalto University

ER -

Social contexts and narratives in knowledge management for situational awareness

Abstrakti

Tutkimusalat

Pääsy asiakirjaan

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