Slag-copper matte equilibria in CaO modified Fe-O-Al2O3-SiO2 slags at fixed p(O2), p(S2), p(SO2), and 1200 °C for mixed concentrate-WEEE feed

Miao Tian; Lassi Klemettinen; Min Chen; Pekka Taskinen; Hugh O'Brien; Daniel Lindberg

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109213

Slag-copper matte equilibria in CaO modified Fe-O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ slags at fixed p(O₂), p(S₂), p(SO₂), and 1200 °C for mixed concentrate-WEEE feed

Miao Tian
, Lassi Klemettinen
, Min Chen
, Pekka Taskinen^*
, Hugh O'Brien
, Daniel Lindberg

^*Tämän työn vastaava kirjoittaja

Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
Swerim AB
Geological Survey of Finland

Tutkimustuotos: Lehtiartikkeli › Article › Scientific › vertaisarvioitu

94 Lataukset (Pure)

Abstrakti

Lime modification of alumina-bearing iron silicate slags in copper matte production was studied at 1200 °C. The experimental p(SO₂) and p(O₂) conditions were fixed to produce about 60 wt% Cu matte grade. The behaviour of the slag and matte, containing trace elements silver, indium, lead, and tin, was studied as a function of lime concentration in the slag (2–––11 wt% CaO). Lime modification had a clear effect on the chemical dissolution of copper in the slag, and it also clearly decreased the deportment of silver and indium in the slag. The deportments of copper and the trace elements between the slag and magnetite (‘spinel’) phase were measured by electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry. The obtained results imply that a reductive slag cleaning technology should be employed at smelters treating high-silver feeds, such as WEEE (waste electric and electronic equipment). As indicated by the significant volatilization of many of the studied trace elements during the experiments, flue dust treatment is essential in smelters using feed mixtures with volatile elements, such as indium, lead, and tin.

Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Artikkeli	109213
Sivumäärä	13
Julkaisu	Minerals Engineering
Vuosikerta	225
Varhainen verkossa julkaisun päivämäärä	20 helmik. 2025
DOI - pysyväislinkit	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109213
Tila	Julkaistu - kesäk. 2025
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Rahoitus

This project utilized RawMatTERS Finland Infrastructure (RAMI) by Research Council of Finland hosted jointly at Aalto University, GTK, and VTT in Espoo. The work was financed by School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University. Dr Miao Tian is grateful for the financial support from the China Scholarship Council [grant number 202006370337]. The authors are grateful to Prof. A. Jokilaakso for the assistance and facilities during the secondment of one of the authors (MT).

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title = "Slag-copper matte equilibria in CaO modified Fe-O-Al2O3-SiO2 slags at fixed p(O2), p(S2), p(SO2), and 1200 °C for mixed concentrate-WEEE feed",

abstract = "Lime modification of alumina-bearing iron silicate slags in copper matte production was studied at 1200 °C. The experimental p(SO2) and p(O2) conditions were fixed to produce about 60 wt\% Cu matte grade. The behaviour of the slag and matte, containing trace elements silver, indium, lead, and tin, was studied as a function of lime concentration in the slag (2–––11 wt\% CaO). Lime modification had a clear effect on the chemical dissolution of copper in the slag, and it also clearly decreased the deportment of silver and indium in the slag. The deportments of copper and the trace elements between the slag and magnetite ({\textquoteleft}spinel{\textquoteright}) phase were measured by electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry. The obtained results imply that a reductive slag cleaning technology should be employed at smelters treating high-silver feeds, such as WEEE (waste electric and electronic equipment). As indicated by the significant volatilization of many of the studied trace elements during the experiments, flue dust treatment is essential in smelters using feed mixtures with volatile elements, such as indium, lead, and tin.",

keywords = "E-scrap smelting, Indium, Lead, Silver, Tin, Trace element deportment",

author = "Miao Tian and Lassi Klemettinen and Min Chen and Pekka Taskinen and Hugh O'Brien and Daniel Lindberg",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Authors",

year = "2025",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109213",

language = "English",

volume = "225",

journal = "Minerals Engineering",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Slag-copper matte equilibria in CaO modified Fe-O-Al2O3-SiO2 slags at fixed p(O2), p(S2), p(SO2), and 1200 °C for mixed concentrate-WEEE feed

AU - Tian, Miao

AU - Klemettinen, Lassi

AU - Chen, Min

AU - Taskinen, Pekka

AU - O'Brien, Hugh

AU - Lindberg, Daniel

PY - 2025/6

Y1 - 2025/6

N2 - Lime modification of alumina-bearing iron silicate slags in copper matte production was studied at 1200 °C. The experimental p(SO2) and p(O2) conditions were fixed to produce about 60 wt% Cu matte grade. The behaviour of the slag and matte, containing trace elements silver, indium, lead, and tin, was studied as a function of lime concentration in the slag (2–––11 wt% CaO). Lime modification had a clear effect on the chemical dissolution of copper in the slag, and it also clearly decreased the deportment of silver and indium in the slag. The deportments of copper and the trace elements between the slag and magnetite (‘spinel’) phase were measured by electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry. The obtained results imply that a reductive slag cleaning technology should be employed at smelters treating high-silver feeds, such as WEEE (waste electric and electronic equipment). As indicated by the significant volatilization of many of the studied trace elements during the experiments, flue dust treatment is essential in smelters using feed mixtures with volatile elements, such as indium, lead, and tin.

AB - Lime modification of alumina-bearing iron silicate slags in copper matte production was studied at 1200 °C. The experimental p(SO2) and p(O2) conditions were fixed to produce about 60 wt% Cu matte grade. The behaviour of the slag and matte, containing trace elements silver, indium, lead, and tin, was studied as a function of lime concentration in the slag (2–––11 wt% CaO). Lime modification had a clear effect on the chemical dissolution of copper in the slag, and it also clearly decreased the deportment of silver and indium in the slag. The deportments of copper and the trace elements between the slag and magnetite (‘spinel’) phase were measured by electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry. The obtained results imply that a reductive slag cleaning technology should be employed at smelters treating high-silver feeds, such as WEEE (waste electric and electronic equipment). As indicated by the significant volatilization of many of the studied trace elements during the experiments, flue dust treatment is essential in smelters using feed mixtures with volatile elements, such as indium, lead, and tin.

KW - E-scrap smelting

KW - Indium

KW - Lead

KW - Silver

KW - Tin

KW - Trace element deportment

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85217900663

U2 - 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109213

DO - 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109213

M3 - Article

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