TY - JOUR
T1 - On the use of nb-iot over geo satellite systems with time-packed optical feeder links for over-the-air firmware/software updates of machine-type terminals
AU - Bas, Joan
AU - Dowhuszko, Alexis A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) with grant number TERESA-TEC2017-90093-C3-1-R (AEI/FEDER,UE), and has been based upon work from COST Action CA19111 NEWFOCUS, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/6/8
Y1 - 2021/6/8
N2 - The verticals of 5G, such as the automotive, smart grid, and smart cities sectors, will bring new sensors and IoT devices requiring Internet connectivity. Most of these machine-type terminals will be sparsely distributed, covering a very large geographical area and, from time to time, will have to update their software, firmware, and/or other relevant data. Given this situation, one viable solution to implement the “Over-the-Air” update of these IoT terminals can be done with the aid of GEO satellite systems. However, due to the ultra-dense radio frequency reuse factor that contemporary High-Throughput Satellite (HTS) systems implement in the access link to serve the IoT terminals, the use of a time-packed Free Space Optical (FSO) link represents a practical solution to avoid the bottleneck that the satellite gateway experiences in the feeder link. The performance of both Detect-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward relaying strategies are studied, assuming that the single-carrier M-PAM symbols that are transmitted on the optical feeder link are mapped into M-QAM symbols that modulate the multiple sub-carriers of the OFDM-based radio access link. In addition, the benefits of encapsulating the NB-IoT frames into DVB-S2(X) satellite frames is also analyzed in detail. The effects of the impairments introduced in both the optical feeder and radio access links are characterized in detail, and the end-to-end error correction capabilities of the Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) defined in the contemporary releases of the NB-IoT and DVB-S2(X) standards are studied for different working regimes.
AB - The verticals of 5G, such as the automotive, smart grid, and smart cities sectors, will bring new sensors and IoT devices requiring Internet connectivity. Most of these machine-type terminals will be sparsely distributed, covering a very large geographical area and, from time to time, will have to update their software, firmware, and/or other relevant data. Given this situation, one viable solution to implement the “Over-the-Air” update of these IoT terminals can be done with the aid of GEO satellite systems. However, due to the ultra-dense radio frequency reuse factor that contemporary High-Throughput Satellite (HTS) systems implement in the access link to serve the IoT terminals, the use of a time-packed Free Space Optical (FSO) link represents a practical solution to avoid the bottleneck that the satellite gateway experiences in the feeder link. The performance of both Detect-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward relaying strategies are studied, assuming that the single-carrier M-PAM symbols that are transmitted on the optical feeder link are mapped into M-QAM symbols that modulate the multiple sub-carriers of the OFDM-based radio access link. In addition, the benefits of encapsulating the NB-IoT frames into DVB-S2(X) satellite frames is also analyzed in detail. The effects of the impairments introduced in both the optical feeder and radio access links are characterized in detail, and the end-to-end error correction capabilities of the Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) defined in the contemporary releases of the NB-IoT and DVB-S2(X) standards are studied for different working regimes.
KW - Beam-wander
KW - Convolutional coding
KW - Decode-and-forward
KW - DVB-S2(X)
KW - High-throughput satellite
KW - NB-IoT
KW - Optical feeder link
KW - Over-the-air updates
KW - Scintillation
KW - Time-packing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107353130&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/s21123952
DO - 10.3390/s21123952
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85107353130
VL - 21
JO - Sensors
JF - Sensors
SN - 1424-8220
IS - 12
M1 - 3952
ER -
