Non-market benefits of improved freshwater bodies: insights for regional water policy

Virpi Lehtoranta

Non-market benefits of improved freshwater bodies: insights for regional water policy

Julkaisun otsikon käännös: Parantuneiden sisävesien markkinattomat hyödyt osana alueellista vesipolitiikkaa

Virpi Lehtoranta

Tutkimustuotos: Doctoral Thesis › Collection of Articles

Abstrakti

EU:n vesipolitiikan puitedirektiivin (VPD) kansalliselle vesienhoidolle asettama tavoite saavuttaa vesistöjen hyvä ekologinen tila on vielä toteutumatta. Vesistöjen tilan paraneminen tai säännöstelty tilavuus tuottaa yhteiskunnalle ns. markkinattomia hyötyjä niiden käytöstä sekä käytöstä riippumattomista tekijöistä. Tämä työ tuottaa tietoa näistä hyödyistä. Työssä on käytetty ehdollisen arvottamisen menetelmää, joka on taloudellisen arvottamisen perusmenetelmiä. Preferensseihin perustuva (maksuhalukkuus)menetelmä soveltuu vastaajille tutussa vesiympäristössä tavoiteltavan muutoksen arvottamiseen. Työssä tarkastellaan taloudellisen arvottamisen haasteita ja pohditaan, miten hyödyn arviointia voidaan kehittää vesienhoidossa. Työn maksuhalukkuustutkimukset toivat esiin vesienhoidon hyötyjä Pielisen, Saarijärven, Kalimenjoen, Iijoen ja Vuoksen alueella. Vesienhoidon hyötyestimaatteja ja selittäviä tekijöitä arvioitiin epäparametrisilla menetelmillä ja regressioanalyyseillä. Työssä selvitettiin myös arvottamiseen liittyvää hypoteettista harhaa ja maksuhalukkuuden epävarmuutta. Lisäksi selvitettiin, esiintyikö vastaajan havaitseman vesistön tilan ja seurantojen perusteella esitetyn tilan välillä eroa. Tulosten perusteella VPD:n lisätoimenpiteistä syntyy merkittäviä markkinattomia hyötyjä yhteiskunnalle. Jokaisen alle hyvän ekologisen tilan omaavan vesimuodostuman parantaminen hyvään tilaan tuottaisi vuosittain noin 84 600–130 000 € markkinattoman hyödyn Vuoksen vesienhoitoalueella ja noin 14 000–48 000 € hyödyn Saarijärven reittivesistöllä. Vastaavasti hyöty yhdestä osuudesta (1,2 km) kunnostettua metsäpuroa olisi noin 8 200–19 400 €/v. Vedenkorkeuden säätelystä saatava vuotuinen hyöty olisi noin 270–490 € yhtä järven neliökilometriä kohti Pielisen tutkimuksen perusteella. Vesienhoitoa voitaisiin tehostaa lisäämällä vuoropuhelua suunnittelusta ja toteutuksesta vastaavien alueviranomaisten sekä metsänomistajien ja vapaa-ajan asukkaiden välillä. Suojelutavoitteet kannattaisi myös tehdä näkyvämmiksi paikallisille ihmisille. Vuoksen vesienhoitoalueen asukkaiden näkemykset poikkesivat todetusta ekologisesta tilasta. Viestintää ekologisen tilan kehityksestä ja tila-arvioon vaikuttavista tekijöistä kannattaa lisätä, sillä näkemysero voi näkymättömien hyötyjen ohella vähentää kansalaisten luottamusta kansallista vesienhoitoa kohtaan. Tietoa markkinattomista hyödyistä ja niitä lisäävistä tekijöistä tulisi hyödyntää paremmin osana vesistönhoidon toimenpiteiden suunnittelua, kohdentamista ja myös toteutusta. Markkinattomien hyötyjen arviointi tuottaa vesiensuojeluun lisätietoa, joka auttaa VPD:n asettamien tavoitteiden saavuttamisessa. Myös sidosryhmien nykyistä laajempi osallistaminen ja vaikuttamisen mahdollistaminen edistävät tavoitteiden saavuttamista.

Julkaisun otsikon käännös	Parantuneiden sisävesien markkinattomat hyödyt osana alueellista vesipolitiikkaa
Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Pätevyys	Tohtorintutkinto
Myöntävä instituutio	Aalto-yliopisto
Valvoja/neuvonantaja	Koivusalo, Harri, Vastuuprofessori Kosenius, Anna-Kaisa, Ohjaaja, Ulkoinen henkilö
Kustantaja	Aalto University
Painoksen ISBN	978-952-64-1398-3
Sähköinen ISBN	978-952-64-1399-0
Tila	Julkaistu - 2023
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja

Tutkimusalat

EU vesipolitiikan puitedirektiivi
kansallinen vesienhoito
vesienhoitosuunnitelmat
taloudellinen arvottaminen
ehdollinen arvottaminen
preferenssiepävarmuus
hypoteettisuusharha
hyvä ekologinen tila

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Tämä tuotos edistää seuraavia kestävän kehityksen tavoitteita:

Pääsy asiakirjaan

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-64-1399-0

Siteeraa tätä

@phdthesis{4e80a05f7a7e410abdcd5874fc451ba4,

title = "Non-market benefits of improved freshwater bodies: insights for regional water policy",

abstract = "The environmental objective set by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) for national water management – achieving good ecological status (GES) – has not yet been met. Improving the state of water bodies, including water levels, generates 'non-market benefits' for society accruing from enhanced use of the waters or from values unrelated to their use. The research examines these benefits, using the contingent valuation method (CV), one of the fundamental methods of economic valuation. As a preference-based method, CV is suitable for gauging respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for a change in an aquatic environment familiar to them. The five papers comprising the thesis span a range of challenges in the valuation of benefits, with a specific focus on improving in water management. The WTP surveys highlight the benefits of freshwater water management in a different region. Non-parametric methods and regression analyses of responses served to evaluate the benefit estimates and extract explanatory factors. On the methodological level, the research probed hypothetical bias and uncertainty in WTP and the reasons for an apparent discrepancy between the perceived and monitored status of water bodies. Supplementary WFD measures would produce significant non-market monetary benefits to society. The annual benefit of improving the state of one water body to GES would be between €84 600 and €132 000 in the Vuoksi River Basin District, and between €14 000 and €48 000 in the Lake Saarij{\"a}rvi watershed. Estimated annual benefit for one restored forest stream section (1.2 km) would be between €8 200 and €19 400 in the Iijoki River catchment. Similarly, in North Karelia the annual benefit of raising the water level in summer and cutting the spring-time high water levels would be €270-€490 per square kilometre of lake. Water management can be made more effective by increasing dialogue between regional authorities charged with planning and implementation and forest owners and leisure residents. Conservation objectives should also be made more visible to local people. In the Vuoksi River Basin District, respondents perceived the quality of their focal water body as different to the official ecological status. More communication on trends in ecological status and the factors defining that status would be worthwhile; differences in perception, as well as overlooking non-market benefits, may reduce public confidence in national water management. Information on non-market benefits and their drivers should be better used as part of the planning, targeting and implementation of water management measures. The assessment of non-market benefits provides additional information to promote water protection, essential to achieving the WFD's environmental objectives. Every bit as crucial are greater early-stage stakeholder and public involvement and empowerment in the planning process.",

keywords = "EU Water Framework Directive, national water management, river basin management plans, economic valuation, contingent valuation, preference uncertainty, hypothetical bias, good ecological status, EU vesipolitiikan puitedirektiivi, kansallinen vesienhoito, vesienhoitosuunnitelmat, taloudellinen arvottaminen, ehdollinen arvottaminen, preferenssiep{\"a}varmuus, hypoteettisuusharha, hyv{\"a} ekologinen tila, EU Water Framework Directive, national water management, river basin management plans, economic valuation, contingent valuation, preference uncertainty, hypothetical bias, good ecological status",

author = "Virpi Lehtoranta",

year = "2023",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-952-64-1398-3",

series = "Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES",

publisher = "Aalto University",

number = "132",

address = "Finland",

school = "Aalto University",

}

TY - BOOK

T1 - Non-market benefits of improved freshwater bodies: insights for regional water policy

AU - Lehtoranta, Virpi

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - The environmental objective set by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) for national water management – achieving good ecological status (GES) – has not yet been met. Improving the state of water bodies, including water levels, generates 'non-market benefits' for society accruing from enhanced use of the waters or from values unrelated to their use. The research examines these benefits, using the contingent valuation method (CV), one of the fundamental methods of economic valuation. As a preference-based method, CV is suitable for gauging respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for a change in an aquatic environment familiar to them. The five papers comprising the thesis span a range of challenges in the valuation of benefits, with a specific focus on improving in water management. The WTP surveys highlight the benefits of freshwater water management in a different region. Non-parametric methods and regression analyses of responses served to evaluate the benefit estimates and extract explanatory factors. On the methodological level, the research probed hypothetical bias and uncertainty in WTP and the reasons for an apparent discrepancy between the perceived and monitored status of water bodies. Supplementary WFD measures would produce significant non-market monetary benefits to society. The annual benefit of improving the state of one water body to GES would be between €84 600 and €132 000 in the Vuoksi River Basin District, and between €14 000 and €48 000 in the Lake Saarijärvi watershed. Estimated annual benefit for one restored forest stream section (1.2 km) would be between €8 200 and €19 400 in the Iijoki River catchment. Similarly, in North Karelia the annual benefit of raising the water level in summer and cutting the spring-time high water levels would be €270-€490 per square kilometre of lake. Water management can be made more effective by increasing dialogue between regional authorities charged with planning and implementation and forest owners and leisure residents. Conservation objectives should also be made more visible to local people. In the Vuoksi River Basin District, respondents perceived the quality of their focal water body as different to the official ecological status. More communication on trends in ecological status and the factors defining that status would be worthwhile; differences in perception, as well as overlooking non-market benefits, may reduce public confidence in national water management. Information on non-market benefits and their drivers should be better used as part of the planning, targeting and implementation of water management measures. The assessment of non-market benefits provides additional information to promote water protection, essential to achieving the WFD's environmental objectives. Every bit as crucial are greater early-stage stakeholder and public involvement and empowerment in the planning process.

AB - The environmental objective set by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) for national water management – achieving good ecological status (GES) – has not yet been met. Improving the state of water bodies, including water levels, generates 'non-market benefits' for society accruing from enhanced use of the waters or from values unrelated to their use. The research examines these benefits, using the contingent valuation method (CV), one of the fundamental methods of economic valuation. As a preference-based method, CV is suitable for gauging respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for a change in an aquatic environment familiar to them. The five papers comprising the thesis span a range of challenges in the valuation of benefits, with a specific focus on improving in water management. The WTP surveys highlight the benefits of freshwater water management in a different region. Non-parametric methods and regression analyses of responses served to evaluate the benefit estimates and extract explanatory factors. On the methodological level, the research probed hypothetical bias and uncertainty in WTP and the reasons for an apparent discrepancy between the perceived and monitored status of water bodies. Supplementary WFD measures would produce significant non-market monetary benefits to society. The annual benefit of improving the state of one water body to GES would be between €84 600 and €132 000 in the Vuoksi River Basin District, and between €14 000 and €48 000 in the Lake Saarijärvi watershed. Estimated annual benefit for one restored forest stream section (1.2 km) would be between €8 200 and €19 400 in the Iijoki River catchment. Similarly, in North Karelia the annual benefit of raising the water level in summer and cutting the spring-time high water levels would be €270-€490 per square kilometre of lake. Water management can be made more effective by increasing dialogue between regional authorities charged with planning and implementation and forest owners and leisure residents. Conservation objectives should also be made more visible to local people. In the Vuoksi River Basin District, respondents perceived the quality of their focal water body as different to the official ecological status. More communication on trends in ecological status and the factors defining that status would be worthwhile; differences in perception, as well as overlooking non-market benefits, may reduce public confidence in national water management. Information on non-market benefits and their drivers should be better used as part of the planning, targeting and implementation of water management measures. The assessment of non-market benefits provides additional information to promote water protection, essential to achieving the WFD's environmental objectives. Every bit as crucial are greater early-stage stakeholder and public involvement and empowerment in the planning process.

KW - EU Water Framework Directive

KW - national water management

KW - river basin management plans

KW - economic valuation

KW - contingent valuation

KW - preference uncertainty

KW - hypothetical bias

KW - good ecological status

KW - EU vesipolitiikan puitedirektiivi

KW - kansallinen vesienhoito

KW - vesienhoitosuunnitelmat

KW - taloudellinen arvottaminen

KW - ehdollinen arvottaminen

KW - preferenssiepävarmuus

KW - hypoteettisuusharha

KW - hyvä ekologinen tila

KW - EU Water Framework Directive

KW - national water management

KW - river basin management plans

KW - economic valuation

KW - contingent valuation

KW - preference uncertainty

KW - hypothetical bias

KW - good ecological status

M3 - Doctoral Thesis

SN - 978-952-64-1398-3

T3 - Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES

PB - Aalto University

ER -

Non-market benefits of improved freshwater bodies: insights for regional water policy

Abstrakti

Tutkimusalat

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Pääsy asiakirjaan

Sormenjälki

Siteeraa tätä