Nanocellulose-Derived Hydrogels and Aerogels: Advanced Applications in Sustainable Technologies

The escalating demand for sustainable technologies in response to global environmental challenges necessitates the exploration of renewable resources. This thesis investigates the transformative potential of nanocellulose, a renewable, biodegradable material, by converting it into hydrogels and aerogels for advanced technological applications. Initial studies focus on processing techniques such as cross-linking, which enhances the mechanical and chemical properties of nanocellulose, enabling the fabrication of structures optimized for modern technologies.  Subsequent experiments demonstrate that nanocellulose-derived materials substantially improve the performance of supercapacitors. By optimizing the electrode's pore structure and surface area, these materials enhance ion transport and charge retention, with a primary focus on the role of the anion. Empirical performance metrics indicate a significant increase in energy storage capacity compared to conventional materials. The same carbon material is further showcased in capacitive pressure sensors, where its inherent flexibility and sensitivity enhance real-time monitoring capabilities. A follow-up study develops hydrogel electrolytes using nanocellulose, where selecting the appropriate cation improves the mechanical properties of the electrolyte. Additionally, the unique acoustic absorption properties of nanocellulose cryogels open new avenues in noise reduction, effectively combining high performance with environmental sustainability.  In conclusion, this research underscores the potential of nanocellulose in advancing material science and contributing to environmental sustainability. The use of renewable resources highlights nanocellulose's capability in transforming energy storage, real-time monitoring, and sound insulation. Despite challenges such as scalability and integration with existing manufacturing processes, the findings pave the way for future innovations in sustainable technology.