TY - JOUR
T1 - Multispectral photon-counting for medical imaging and beam characterization — A project review
AU - Kirschenmann, S.
AU - Bezak, M.
AU - Bharthuar, S.
AU - Brücken, E.
AU - Emzir, M.
AU - Golovleva, M.
AU - Gädda, A.
AU - Kalliokoski, M.
AU - Karadzhinova-Ferrer, A.
AU - Karjalainen, A.
AU - Koponen, P.
AU - Kramarenko, N.
AU - Luukka, P.
AU - Ott, J.
AU - Petrow, H.
AU - Siiskonen, T.
AU - Särkkä, S.
AU - Tikkanen, J.
AU - Turpeinen, R.
AU - Winkler, A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The research conducted and presented here was performed in the framework of the Academy of Finland project, number 314473, Multispectral photon-counting for medical imaging and beam characterization, for which we would like to acknowledge the funding. S. Kirschenmann and S. Bharthuar thank the Magnus Ehrnrooth foundation, Finland for financial support. The measurements were performed at the joint Detector Laboratory of the University of Helsinki and the Helsinki Institute of Physics as well as at the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) and we would like to thank the staff for their support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/9/11
Y1 - 2022/9/11
N2 - Central focus of the MPMIB project – funded via the Academy of Finland's RADDESS 2018–2021 programme – has been research towards a next-generation radiation detection system operating in a photon-counting (PC) multispectral mode: The extraction of energy spectrum per detector pixel data will lead to better efficacy in medical imaging with ionizing radiation. Therefore, it can be an important asset for diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy, enabling better diagnostic outcome with lower radiation dose as well as more versatile characterization of the radiation beam, leading for example to more accurate patient dosimetry. We present our approach of fabricating direct-conversion detectors based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) semiconductor material hybridized with PC mode capable application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and will give a review on our achievements, challenges and lessons learned. The CdTe crystals were processed at Micronova, Finland's national research infrastructure for micro- and nanotechnology, employing techniques such as surface passivation via atomic layer deposition, and flip chip bonding of processed sensors to ASIC. Although CdTe has excellent photon radiation absorption properties, it is a brittle material that can include large concentrations of defects. We will therefore also emphasize our quality assessment of CdTe crystals and processed detectors, and present experimental data obtained with prototype detectors in X-ray and Co-60 beams at a standards laboratory.
AB - Central focus of the MPMIB project – funded via the Academy of Finland's RADDESS 2018–2021 programme – has been research towards a next-generation radiation detection system operating in a photon-counting (PC) multispectral mode: The extraction of energy spectrum per detector pixel data will lead to better efficacy in medical imaging with ionizing radiation. Therefore, it can be an important asset for diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy, enabling better diagnostic outcome with lower radiation dose as well as more versatile characterization of the radiation beam, leading for example to more accurate patient dosimetry. We present our approach of fabricating direct-conversion detectors based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) semiconductor material hybridized with PC mode capable application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and will give a review on our achievements, challenges and lessons learned. The CdTe crystals were processed at Micronova, Finland's national research infrastructure for micro- and nanotechnology, employing techniques such as surface passivation via atomic layer deposition, and flip chip bonding of processed sensors to ASIC. Although CdTe has excellent photon radiation absorption properties, it is a brittle material that can include large concentrations of defects. We will therefore also emphasize our quality assessment of CdTe crystals and processed detectors, and present experimental data obtained with prototype detectors in X-ray and Co-60 beams at a standards laboratory.
KW - Detection of defects
KW - Materials for solid-state detectors
KW - Medical imaging
KW - Photon counting detectors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133910136&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2022.167043
DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2022.167043
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85133910136
SN - 0168-9002
VL - 1039
JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
M1 - 167043
ER -