MOJAVE – XX. Persistent linear polarization structure in parsec-scale AGN jets

A. B. Pushkarev; H. D. Aller; M. F. Aller; D. C. Homan; Y. Y. Kovalev; M. L. Lister; I. N. Pashchenko; T. Savolainen; D. I. Zobnina

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad525

MOJAVE – XX. Persistent linear polarization structure in parsec-scale AGN jets

A. B. Pushkarev^*, H. D. Aller, M. F. Aller, D. C. Homan, Y. Y. Kovalev, M. L. Lister, I. N. Pashchenko, T. Savolainen, D. I. Zobnina

^*Tämän työn vastaava kirjoittaja

Tutkimustuotos: Lehtiartikkeli › Article › Scientific › vertaisarvioitu

26 Sitaatiot (Scopus)

54 Lataukset (Pure)

Abstrakti

We analysed the parsec-scale linear polarization properties of 436 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on 15 GHz polarimetric Very Long Baseline Array observations. We present polarization and total intensity images averaged over at least five epochs since 1996 January 19 through 2019 August 4. Stacking improves the image sensitivity down to ∼30 μJy beam⁻¹ and effectively fills out the jet cross-section both in total intensity and linear polarization. It delineates the long-term persistent magnetic field configuration and its regularity by restoring spatial distributions of the electric vector position angle (EVPA) and fractional polarization, respectively. On average, about 10 yr of stacking period is needed to reveal the stable and most-complete polarization distribution of a source. We find that the degree of polarization significantly increases down and across the jet towards its edges, typically manifesting U or W-shaped transverse profiles, suggesting a presence of a large-scale helical magnetic field associated with the outflow. In some AGN jets, mainly BL Lacs, we detect quasi-constant fractional polarization profiles across the jet, accompanied by EVPAs that closely follow the outflow. BL Lacs show higher fractional polarization values in their cores and jets than those in quasars up to hectoparsec de-projected scales, while on larger scales, they become comparable. High-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac jets are found to be less polarized than intermediate and low-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacs. The spatial distribution of the EVPAs in BL Lacs tend to align with the local jet direction, while quasars show an excess of orthogonal polarization orientation.

Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Sivut	6053-6069
Sivumäärä	17
Julkaisu	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Vuosikerta	520
Numero	4
DOI - pysyväislinkit	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad525
Tila	Julkaistu - 1 huhtik. 2023
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Rahoitus

The authors thank the referee John Wardle for constructive comments which helped to improve the manuscript. We thank members of the MOJAVE team for discussions of the paper, Alan Roy for thorough reading of the manuscript and providing useful comments as well as Elena Bazanova for language editing. This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 21-12-00241. The MOJAVE project was supported by NASA-Fermi grants NNX08AV67G, NNX12A087G, and NNX15AU76G. This work is part of the M2FINDERS project which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no 101018682). This research has made use of data from the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory which has been supported by the University of Michigan and by a series of grants from the National Science Foundation, most recently no. AST-0607523. TS was partly supported by the Academy of Finland projects 274477, 284495, 312496, and 315721. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Long Baseline Observatory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory are facilities of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work made use of the Swinburne University of Technology software correlator (Deller et al. 2011), developed as part of the Australian Major National Research Facilities Programme and operated under licence.

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10.1093/mnras/stad525

stad525Final published version, 6,65 MB

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NT-VGOS: Kvasaareista geodesiaan: kuinka tähtitiede voi mahdollistaa tulevaisuuden ultratarkat geodeettiset mittaukset
Savolainen, T. (Vastuullinen johtaja), Xu, M. (Projektin jäsen) & Chamani Velasco, W. (Projektin jäsen)
01/09/2018 → 28/02/2023
Projekti: Academy of Finland: Other research funding
Mustien aukkojen suihkut ja niiden fysiikka
Savolainen, T. (Vastuullinen johtaja) & Chamani Velasco, W. (Projektin jäsen)
01/09/2017 → 31/08/2019
Projekti: Academy of Finland: Other research funding
Mustien aukkojen suihkut ja niiden fysiikka
Savolainen, T. (Vastuullinen johtaja)
01/01/2016 → 31/08/2019
Projekti: Academy of Finland: Other research funding

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@article{d756ae2a4fa84a54a9696a478123f861,

title = "MOJAVE – XX. Persistent linear polarization structure in parsec-scale AGN jets",

abstract = "We analysed the parsec-scale linear polarization properties of 436 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on 15 GHz polarimetric Very Long Baseline Array observations. We present polarization and total intensity images averaged over at least five epochs since 1996 January 19 through 2019 August 4. Stacking improves the image sensitivity down to ∼30 μJy beam−1 and effectively fills out the jet cross-section both in total intensity and linear polarization. It delineates the long-term persistent magnetic field configuration and its regularity by restoring spatial distributions of the electric vector position angle (EVPA) and fractional polarization, respectively. On average, about 10 yr of stacking period is needed to reveal the stable and most-complete polarization distribution of a source. We find that the degree of polarization significantly increases down and across the jet towards its edges, typically manifesting U or W-shaped transverse profiles, suggesting a presence of a large-scale helical magnetic field associated with the outflow. In some AGN jets, mainly BL Lacs, we detect quasi-constant fractional polarization profiles across the jet, accompanied by EVPAs that closely follow the outflow. BL Lacs show higher fractional polarization values in their cores and jets than those in quasars up to hectoparsec de-projected scales, while on larger scales, they become comparable. High-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac jets are found to be less polarized than intermediate and low-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacs. The spatial distribution of the EVPAs in BL Lacs tend to align with the local jet direction, while quasars show an excess of orthogonal polarization orientation.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: general, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, polarization, quasars: general, radio continuum: galaxies",

author = "Pushkarev, \{A. B.\} and Aller, \{H. D.\} and Aller, \{M. F.\} and Homan, \{D. C.\} and Kovalev, \{Y. Y.\} and Lister, \{M. L.\} and Pashchenko, \{I. N.\} and T. Savolainen and Zobnina, \{D. I.\}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the referee John Wardle for constructive comments which helped to improve the manuscript. We thank members of the MOJAVE team for discussions of the paper, Alan Roy for thorough reading of the manuscript and providing useful comments as well as Elena Bazanova for language editing. This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 21-12-00241. The MOJAVE project was supported by NASA-Fermi grants NNX08AV67G, NNX12A087G, and NNX15AU76G. This work is part of the M2FINDERS project which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no 101018682). This research has made use of data from the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory which has been supported by the University of Michigan and by a series of grants from the National Science Foundation, most recently no. AST-0607523. TS was partly supported by the Academy of Finland projects 274477, 284495, 312496, and 315721. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Long Baseline Observatory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory are facilities of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work made use of the Swinburne University of Technology software correlator (Deller et al. 2011), developed as part of the Australian Major National Research Facilities Programme and operated under licence. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s)",

year = "2023",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad525",

language = "English",

volume = "520",

pages = "6053--6069",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - MOJAVE – XX. Persistent linear polarization structure in parsec-scale AGN jets

AU - Pushkarev, A. B.

AU - Aller, H. D.

AU - Aller, M. F.

AU - Homan, D. C.

AU - Kovalev, Y. Y.

AU - Lister, M. L.

AU - Pashchenko, I. N.

AU - Savolainen, T.

AU - Zobnina, D. I.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank the referee John Wardle for constructive comments which helped to improve the manuscript. We thank members of the MOJAVE team for discussions of the paper, Alan Roy for thorough reading of the manuscript and providing useful comments as well as Elena Bazanova for language editing. This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 21-12-00241. The MOJAVE project was supported by NASA-Fermi grants NNX08AV67G, NNX12A087G, and NNX15AU76G. This work is part of the M2FINDERS project which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no 101018682). This research has made use of data from the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory which has been supported by the University of Michigan and by a series of grants from the National Science Foundation, most recently no. AST-0607523. TS was partly supported by the Academy of Finland projects 274477, 284495, 312496, and 315721. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Long Baseline Observatory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory are facilities of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work made use of the Swinburne University of Technology software correlator (Deller et al. 2011), developed as part of the Australian Major National Research Facilities Programme and operated under licence. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)

PY - 2023/4/1

Y1 - 2023/4/1

N2 - We analysed the parsec-scale linear polarization properties of 436 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on 15 GHz polarimetric Very Long Baseline Array observations. We present polarization and total intensity images averaged over at least five epochs since 1996 January 19 through 2019 August 4. Stacking improves the image sensitivity down to ∼30 μJy beam−1 and effectively fills out the jet cross-section both in total intensity and linear polarization. It delineates the long-term persistent magnetic field configuration and its regularity by restoring spatial distributions of the electric vector position angle (EVPA) and fractional polarization, respectively. On average, about 10 yr of stacking period is needed to reveal the stable and most-complete polarization distribution of a source. We find that the degree of polarization significantly increases down and across the jet towards its edges, typically manifesting U or W-shaped transverse profiles, suggesting a presence of a large-scale helical magnetic field associated with the outflow. In some AGN jets, mainly BL Lacs, we detect quasi-constant fractional polarization profiles across the jet, accompanied by EVPAs that closely follow the outflow. BL Lacs show higher fractional polarization values in their cores and jets than those in quasars up to hectoparsec de-projected scales, while on larger scales, they become comparable. High-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac jets are found to be less polarized than intermediate and low-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacs. The spatial distribution of the EVPAs in BL Lacs tend to align with the local jet direction, while quasars show an excess of orthogonal polarization orientation.

AB - We analysed the parsec-scale linear polarization properties of 436 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on 15 GHz polarimetric Very Long Baseline Array observations. We present polarization and total intensity images averaged over at least five epochs since 1996 January 19 through 2019 August 4. Stacking improves the image sensitivity down to ∼30 μJy beam−1 and effectively fills out the jet cross-section both in total intensity and linear polarization. It delineates the long-term persistent magnetic field configuration and its regularity by restoring spatial distributions of the electric vector position angle (EVPA) and fractional polarization, respectively. On average, about 10 yr of stacking period is needed to reveal the stable and most-complete polarization distribution of a source. We find that the degree of polarization significantly increases down and across the jet towards its edges, typically manifesting U or W-shaped transverse profiles, suggesting a presence of a large-scale helical magnetic field associated with the outflow. In some AGN jets, mainly BL Lacs, we detect quasi-constant fractional polarization profiles across the jet, accompanied by EVPAs that closely follow the outflow. BL Lacs show higher fractional polarization values in their cores and jets than those in quasars up to hectoparsec de-projected scales, while on larger scales, they become comparable. High-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac jets are found to be less polarized than intermediate and low-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacs. The spatial distribution of the EVPAs in BL Lacs tend to align with the local jet direction, while quasars show an excess of orthogonal polarization orientation.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: general

KW - galaxies: active

KW - galaxies: jets

KW - polarization

KW - quasars: general

KW - radio continuum: galaxies

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85159608632

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad525

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad525

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85159608632

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 520

SP - 6053

EP - 6069

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

MOJAVE – XX. Persistent linear polarization structure in parsec-scale AGN jets

Abstrakti

Rahoitus

Pääsy asiakirjaan

Muut tiedostot ja linkit

Sormenjälki

Projektit

NT-VGOS: Kvasaareista geodesiaan: kuinka tähtitiede voi mahdollistaa tulevaisuuden ultratarkat geodeettiset mittaukset

Mustien aukkojen suihkut ja niiden fysiikka

Mustien aukkojen suihkut ja niiden fysiikka

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