Microstructural, Morphological, and Compositional Analyses of Duduguru Coal from the Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria

In this study, the microstructural, morphological, and compositional properties of DDG coal newly discovered in the Middle Belt Trough (MBT) sedimentary basin of Nigeria were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. Sample preparation revealed that DDG coal is a brownish-black rock with a smooth multilayered surface. This surface texture suggests it has undergone significant geological processes, potentially reflecting a high degree of coalification and metamorphism. Microstructure analysis showed that DDG consists of fine and coarse aggregate particles ranging in size from 25-50 μm, which exhibit irregular and angular shapes. Morphological analysis revealed whitish or glossy particles, which indicate the presence of quartz, kaolinite and other clay-based minerals. Compositional analysis revealed eight (8) elements broadly comprising metals (Mg, Al, Ca, and Fe), non-metals (C, O, and S), and metalloids (Si), which could play crucial roles in the conversion efficiencies, product yield/distribution, and potential byproducts/emissions during DDG conversion. In summary, the study observed that DDG coal is a potential candidate for thermochemical conversion and energy production due to its favourable properties. However, selected metals and metalloids could present operational challenges related to ash formation, slagging, and corrosion.