Line-of-Sight Probability in Cluttered Urban Microcells: Analyses Using Poisson Point Process and Point Cloud

Line-of-sight (LOS) probability is a key component of system-level simulations that are required for creating new standards and recommendations for wireless systems. In particular, for millimeter-wave systems, an unobstructed view between the base station at an elevation and a user at ground level is important to ensure high-throughput service. While statistical models for LOS blockage by buildings exist, such models for blockage by multiple small objects, such as trees and street signs, are currently lacking. In this work, we present a Poisson point process-based analytic solution in a form of an algorithm for evaluating LOS probability in the presence of any combination of arbitrarily shaped shadowing objects, taking into account carrier frequency. The algorithm is validated against the LOS probability obtained from ray tracing in a realistic urban microcell scenario.