Abstrakti
We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally two limiting factors in cooling electrons using biased tunnel junctions to extract heat from a normal metal into a superconductor. First, when the injection rate of electrons exceeds the internal relaxation rate in the metal to be cooled, the electrons do not obey the Fermi-Dirac distribution, and the concept of temperature cannot be applied as such. Second, at low bath temperatures, states within the gap induce anomalous heating and yield a theoretical limit of the achievable minimum temperature.
Alkuperäiskieli | Englanti |
---|---|
Artikkeli | 056804 |
Sivut | 1-4 |
Sivumäärä | 4 |
Julkaisu | Physical Review Letters |
Vuosikerta | 92 |
Numero | 5 |
DOI - pysyväislinkit | |
Tila | Julkaistu - 6 helmik. 2004 |
OKM-julkaisutyyppi | A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä |
Tutkimusalat
- cooling electron
- superconductor
- tunnel junction