Large-Eddy simulation of highly under-expanded hydrogen jets using a low dissipative solver

Haseeb Ali; Ville Vuorinen; Aleksi Rintanen

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151331

Large-Eddy simulation of highly under-expanded hydrogen jets using a low dissipative solver

Haseeb Ali^*
, Ville Vuorinen^*
, Aleksi Rintanen

^*Tämän työn vastaava kirjoittaja

Tutkimustuotos: Lehtiartikkeli › Article › Scientific › vertaisarvioitu

4 Sitaatiot (Scopus)

19 Lataukset (Pure)

Abstrakti

Large-eddy simulation (LES) of H ₂ jets is carried out at nozzle pressure ratios 5.8 ≤ NPR ≤ 10. A low-dissipative, localized flux formulation is proposed and validated using 1D–3D reference cases. In the present under-expanded jet studies, the following numerical observations are made. (1) The proposed low-dissipative approach resolves both shocks and turbulence simultaneously. The transition to turbulence is noted to start up to ≈10D earlier for under-expanded jets with low-dissipative approach in comparison to the fully dissipative flux approach. (2) A comparison of H ₂, CH ₄, and N ₂ jets indicates a delayed transition to turbulence for H ₂ at NPR = 6.5. (3) At all NPRs, the H ₂ jet turbulence transition is delayed, but the transition shifts towards the nozzle when the NPR increases. (4) The normalized peak vorticity (ω _zD/U ₁) values for Görtler vortices around the barrel shock boundary of H ₂ jet is observed to be ≈4 times lower compared to representative CH ₄ and N ₂ jets. (5) For H ₂, Mach disk oscillation is observed and linked to the global POD modes at a Strouhal number range of St≈0.063−0.078.

Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Artikkeli	151331
Sivumäärä	17
Julkaisu	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Vuosikerta	182
DOI - pysyväislinkit	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151331
Tila	Julkaistu - 27 lokak. 2025
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Tämä tuotos edistää seuraavia kestävän kehityksen tavoitteita:

SDG 7 – Edullinen ja puhdas energia

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10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151331Lisenssi: CC BY

1-s2.0-S0360319925043332-mainFinal published version, 4,63 MBLisenssi: CC BY

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1 Päättynyt
1 Aktiivinen

AINA: Ammonia energy conversion and social acceptance
Vuorinen, V. (Vastuullinen johtaja), Eriksson, V. (Projektin jäsen), Khalid, F. (Projektin jäsen), Siddiqui, W. (Projektin jäsen), ul Huda, S. (Projektin jäsen), Ali, H. (Projektin jäsen), Metsojoki, M. (Projektin jäsen), Bahadori, Y. (Projektin jäsen) & Björklund, T. (Co-PI)
01/07/2024 → 30/06/2027
Projekti: BF Co-Research
HENNES: Hydrogen combustion simulation tools and experiments
Vuorinen, V. (Vastuullinen johtaja), Shahin, Z. (Projektin jäsen), Rintanen, A. (Projektin jäsen), Cheng, Q. (Projektin jäsen), Haider, A. (Projektin jäsen), Yeganeh, M. (Projektin jäsen), Alibakhshian, M. (Projektin jäsen), Schurr, J. (Projektin jäsen), Henriksson, A. (Projektin jäsen), Ali, H. (Projektin jäsen), Hostikka, S. (Co-PI) & Tamadonfar, P. (Projektin jäsen)
01/01/2023 → 31/12/2025
Projekti: BF Other

Science-IT
Hakala, M. (Manager)
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@article{ec539d8978c54f70bb9ba7d1014092c7,

title = "Large-Eddy simulation of highly under-expanded hydrogen jets using a low dissipative solver",

abstract = "Large-eddy simulation (LES) of H 2 jets is carried out at nozzle pressure ratios 5.8 ≤ NPR ≤ 10. A low-dissipative, localized flux formulation is proposed and validated using 1D–3D reference cases. In the present under-expanded jet studies, the following numerical observations are made. (1) The proposed low-dissipative approach resolves both shocks and turbulence simultaneously. The transition to turbulence is noted to start up to ≈10D earlier for under-expanded jets with low-dissipative approach in comparison to the fully dissipative flux approach. (2) A comparison of H 2, CH 4, and N 2 jets indicates a delayed transition to turbulence for H 2 at NPR = 6.5. (3) At all NPRs, the H 2 jet turbulence transition is delayed, but the transition shifts towards the nozzle when the NPR increases. (4) The normalized peak vorticity (ω zD/U 1) values for G{\"o}rtler vortices around the barrel shock boundary of H 2 jet is observed to be ≈4 times lower compared to representative CH 4 and N 2 jets. (5) For H 2, Mach disk oscillation is observed and linked to the global POD modes at a Strouhal number range of St≈0.063−0.078.",

keywords = "Hydrogen injection, Low dissipative solver, Mach disk oscillation, OpenFOAM{\textregistered}, Shock sensor, Under-expanded CH4 jet, Under-expanded H2 jets, Under-expanded N2 jet, hydrogen jet dynamics, Under-expanded CH jet, H injection, Under-expanded H jet, Under-expanded N jet",

author = "Haseeb Ali and Ville Vuorinen and Aleksi Rintanen",

year = "2025",

month = oct,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151331",

language = "English",

volume = "182",

journal = "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy",

issn = "0360-3199",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Large-Eddy simulation of highly under-expanded hydrogen jets using a low dissipative solver

AU - Ali, Haseeb

AU - Vuorinen, Ville

AU - Rintanen, Aleksi

PY - 2025/10/27

Y1 - 2025/10/27

N2 - Large-eddy simulation (LES) of H 2 jets is carried out at nozzle pressure ratios 5.8 ≤ NPR ≤ 10. A low-dissipative, localized flux formulation is proposed and validated using 1D–3D reference cases. In the present under-expanded jet studies, the following numerical observations are made. (1) The proposed low-dissipative approach resolves both shocks and turbulence simultaneously. The transition to turbulence is noted to start up to ≈10D earlier for under-expanded jets with low-dissipative approach in comparison to the fully dissipative flux approach. (2) A comparison of H 2, CH 4, and N 2 jets indicates a delayed transition to turbulence for H 2 at NPR = 6.5. (3) At all NPRs, the H 2 jet turbulence transition is delayed, but the transition shifts towards the nozzle when the NPR increases. (4) The normalized peak vorticity (ω zD/U 1) values for Görtler vortices around the barrel shock boundary of H 2 jet is observed to be ≈4 times lower compared to representative CH 4 and N 2 jets. (5) For H 2, Mach disk oscillation is observed and linked to the global POD modes at a Strouhal number range of St≈0.063−0.078.

AB - Large-eddy simulation (LES) of H 2 jets is carried out at nozzle pressure ratios 5.8 ≤ NPR ≤ 10. A low-dissipative, localized flux formulation is proposed and validated using 1D–3D reference cases. In the present under-expanded jet studies, the following numerical observations are made. (1) The proposed low-dissipative approach resolves both shocks and turbulence simultaneously. The transition to turbulence is noted to start up to ≈10D earlier for under-expanded jets with low-dissipative approach in comparison to the fully dissipative flux approach. (2) A comparison of H 2, CH 4, and N 2 jets indicates a delayed transition to turbulence for H 2 at NPR = 6.5. (3) At all NPRs, the H 2 jet turbulence transition is delayed, but the transition shifts towards the nozzle when the NPR increases. (4) The normalized peak vorticity (ω zD/U 1) values for Görtler vortices around the barrel shock boundary of H 2 jet is observed to be ≈4 times lower compared to representative CH 4 and N 2 jets. (5) For H 2, Mach disk oscillation is observed and linked to the global POD modes at a Strouhal number range of St≈0.063−0.078.

KW - Hydrogen injection

KW - Low dissipative solver

KW - Mach disk oscillation

KW - OpenFOAM®

KW - Shock sensor

KW - Under-expanded CH4 jet

KW - Under-expanded H2 jets

KW - Under-expanded N2 jet

KW - hydrogen jet dynamics

KW - Under-expanded CH jet

KW - H injection

KW - Under-expanded H jet

KW - Under-expanded N jet

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105017667611

U2 - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151331

DO - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151331

M3 - Article

SN - 0360-3199

VL - 182

JO - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

M1 - 151331

ER -

Large-Eddy simulation of highly under-expanded hydrogen jets using a low dissipative solver

Abstrakti

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Pääsy asiakirjaan

Muut tiedostot ja linkit

Sormenjälki

Projektit

AINA: Ammonia energy conversion and social acceptance

HENNES: Hydrogen combustion simulation tools and experiments

Laitteet

Science-IT

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