Integrated nonlinear optics with hybrid Integration of 2D materials

Integrated photonics offers solutions to the limitations of microelectronics, but certain effects, such as nonlinear optical effects, are difficult to generate. By integrating 2D materials with exceptional nonlinear properties, these limitations can be overcome. Numerical tools are used for the design and optimization of waveguides, taking into account the impact of 2D materials on the sensitive parameters of the photonic structure. Initial experiments based on mechanical exfoliation allow for the fabrication and transfer of 2D materials onto waveguides. However, despite some initial demonstrations, further developments are necessary to overcome limitations related to the size of material flakes, unintentional depositions, and low repeatability of transfers. Different strategies are being implemented for the optimization of hybrid structures, focusing on three distinct axes. Firstly, optimization of the optogeometric parameters of the waveguide structures enables increased interaction between the 2D materials and the transverse mode, improving the nonlinear performance of the waveguides. Secondly, transfer methods can be improved to enhance transfer reliability and increase the surface coverage of 2D materials. The development of methods allowing targeted transfer of materials fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers better surface quality and greater homogeneity, facilitating the transfer of large material surfaces. Promising results have been obtained for the deposition of 2D materials in large surface areas (2.8mm x 3.2 mm). Finally, the use of ring cavities enables a significant improvement in the interaction between the 2D materials and the wave by exploiting resonance effects. Experimental studies of hybrid ring resonators have been conducted, demonstrating the potential of this approach. These advancements open up new perspectives in integrated photonics, enhancing the nonlinear performance of hybrid guides and paving the way for new applications in optical communications, optical information processing, and other advanced photonics technologies.