Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Egg White and Coriander Root Waste : Characterization and Anti-Cancer Efficacy in Hela Cells

In the present article, we employed an eco-friendly methodology for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles. We utilized a freshly derived combination of egg white and coriander root waste as precursors for this process. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the synthesis, characterization, and anti-cancer properties of ZnO NPs produced via an environmentally friendly approach using egg white and coriander root waste. To validate our approach, we characterized the nanoparticles through comprehensive analysis using advanced techniques, including UV–visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to identify the functional groups present in the nanoparticles. The UV–visible spectrum disclosed a notable absorption peak at 378 nm, signifying the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the ZnO NPs. To evaluate the anti-cancer properties, we conducted experiments using HeLa cell lines, a mammalian cervical cancer cell line. Our assessment involved determining cell viability through a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test after introducing varying concentrations of ZnO NPs to the cells. Notably, the treatment with ZnO NPs led to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and the initiation of apoptosis. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]