Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from NiMH Battery Scrap via Selective Sulfation Roasting

Jayasree Biswas; Esther Esekheigbe; Jere Partinen; Mari Lundström; Ari Jokilaakso

doi:10.1007/s40831-024-00861-y

Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from NiMH Battery Scrap via Selective Sulfation Roasting

Jayasree Biswas^*
, Esther Esekheigbe
, Jere Partinen
, Mari Lundström
, Ari Jokilaakso

^*Tämän työn vastaava kirjoittaja

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Tutkimustuotos: Lehtiartikkeli › Article › Scientific › vertaisarvioitu

5 Sitaatiot (Scopus)

Abstrakti

Controlled recycling of battery scrap to recover valuable metals has become essential nowadays not only to fulfill the demand for critical raw materials but also to mitigate the environmental impacts due to the possible release of toxic chemicals and heavy metals from this waste fraction. In the current research, selective sulfation roasting combined with a water leaching route is investigated for the extraction of rare earth metals (REMs) from waste NiMH batteries. The effect of the sulfation roasting kinetic parameters—partial pressure of SO₂ (pSO₂), and O₂ (pO₂), and temperature (T), time (t)—on REMs leaching efficiency was examined. The study demonstrated that it is possible to selectively extract REMs from spent NiMH batteries (< 125 µm) by this route. The results showed that, with an increase in temperature and pSO₂, the REM leaching efficiency increased linearly. Optimized sulfation roasting conditions are suggested to be 3% SO₂–3% O₂–Ar at 850 °C for 60 min, resulting in a leaching yield into water of 65% La, 58% Ce, 59% Pr, and 58% Nd along with a very low contamination of Ni (0.4%). These results suggest excellent separation of REMs from the other metallic elements of NiMH scrap. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)

Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Sivut	1354-1368
Sivumäärä	15
Julkaisu	Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
Vuosikerta	10
Numero	3
Varhainen verkossa julkaisun päivämäärä	13 kesäk. 2024
DOI - pysyväislinkit	https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00861-y
Tila	Julkaistu - syysk. 2024
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Rahoitus

We are grateful to Akkuser Oy (Finland) for providing the battery scrap. We also acknowledge Business Finland for providing financial support for this project (BATCIRCLE 2.0, grant 43830/31/2020). This study utilized the Academy of Finland’s RawMatTERS Finland Infrastructure (RAMI), based jointly at Aalto University, GTK Espoo, and VTT Espoo. The authors would like to thank Dr. Antti Porvali (VTT, Finland) for valuable suggestions for this work.

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Tämä tuotos edistää seuraavia kestävän kehityksen tavoitteita:

SDG 7 – Edullinen ja puhdas energia
SDG 12 – Vastuullinen kulutus ja tuotanto

Pääsy asiakirjaan

10.1007/s40831-024-00861-y

Muut tiedostot ja linkit

Linkki julkaisuun Scopuksessa

BATCircle2: Finland-based circular ecosystem of battery metals
Lundström, M. (Vastuullinen johtaja), Klemettinen, L. (Projektin jäsen), Xiao, Y. (Projektin jäsen), Le, T. (Projektin jäsen), Kansanaho, M. (Projektin jäsen), Sibarani, D. (Projektin jäsen), Partinen, J. (Projektin jäsen), Tran, H. (Projektin jäsen), Alajoki, J. (Projektin jäsen), Lappalainen, H. (Projektin jäsen), Liljanko, H. (Projektin jäsen), Nikolov, S. (Projektin jäsen), Wilson, B. (Projektin jäsen), Wang, Z. (Projektin jäsen), Terho, T. (Projektin jäsen), Sahlman, M. (Projektin jäsen), Le, T. (Projektin jäsen), Zou, Y. (Projektin jäsen), Palomäki, H. (Projektin jäsen), Porkola, T.-M. (Projektin jäsen), Karppinen, A. (Projektin jäsen), Revitzer, H. (Projektin jäsen), Halli, P. (Projektin jäsen), Kupi, A. (Projektin jäsen), Vänskä, J. (Projektin jäsen), Chernyaev, A. (Projektin jäsen), Mylly, M. (Projektin jäsen), Rinne, M. (Projektin jäsen), Esmaeilzadeh Dilmaghani, S. (Projektin jäsen), Kong, X. (Projektin jäsen), Saeed, M. (Projektin jäsen), Biswas, J. (Projektin jäsen), Pakseresht, S. (Projektin jäsen), Seisko, S. (Projektin jäsen), Esekheigbe, E. (Projektin jäsen), Wan, X. (Projektin jäsen), Al-Ogaili, A. (Projektin jäsen), Repo, V. (Projektin jäsen), Jaakonaho, E. (Projektin jäsen), Rinne, T. (Projektin jäsen), Tas, G. (Projektin jäsen), Klemettinen, A. (Projektin jäsen), Mkurazhizha, H. (Projektin jäsen), Schreiner, S. (Projektin jäsen), Klemelä, E. (Projektin jäsen), Niemelä, T. (Projektin jäsen), Huaman, L. (Projektin jäsen), Vierunketo, M. (Projektin jäsen), Araya Gómez, N. (Projektin jäsen), Bogdanova, A. (Projektin jäsen), Chen, M. (Projektin jäsen), Rostami, A. (Projektin jäsen), Hentman, J. (Projektin jäsen), Garnier, C. (Projektin jäsen), Sukhomlinov, D. (Projektin jäsen), Whittle, L. (Projektin jäsen), Nurmi, S. (Projektin jäsen), Kobets, A. (Projektin jäsen), Lindberg, D. (Co-PI), Serna Guerrero, R. (Co-PI), Jokilaakso, A. (Co-PI), Leveinen, J. (Co-PI) & Kallio, T. (Co-PI)
01/05/2021 → 30/04/2024
Projekti: BF Co-Innovation

Raaka-aineiden tutkimusinfrastruktuuri
Karppinen, M. (Manager)
Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu
Laitteistot/tilat: Facility

Siteeraa tätä

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title = "Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from NiMH Battery Scrap via Selective Sulfation Roasting",

abstract = "Controlled recycling of battery scrap to recover valuable metals has become essential nowadays not only to fulfill the demand for critical raw materials but also to mitigate the environmental impacts due to the possible release of toxic chemicals and heavy metals from this waste fraction. In the current research, selective sulfation roasting combined with a water leaching route is investigated for the extraction of rare earth metals (REMs) from waste NiMH batteries. The effect of the sulfation roasting kinetic parameters—partial pressure of SO2 (pSO2), and O2 (pO2), and temperature (T), time (t)—on REMs leaching efficiency was examined. The study demonstrated that it is possible to selectively extract REMs from spent NiMH batteries (< 125 µm) by this route. The results showed that, with an increase in temperature and pSO2, the REM leaching efficiency increased linearly. Optimized sulfation roasting conditions are suggested to be 3\% SO2–3\% O2–Ar at 850 °C for 60 min, resulting in a leaching yield into water of 65\% La, 58\% Ce, 59\% Pr, and 58\% Nd along with a very low contamination of Ni (0.4\%). These results suggest excellent separation of REMs from the other metallic elements of NiMH scrap. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)",

keywords = "Battery recycling, Niextraction, NiMH battery scrap, Rare earth extraction, Sulfation roasting",

author = "Jayasree Biswas and Esther Esekheigbe and Jere Partinen and Mari Lundstr{\"o}m and Ari Jokilaakso",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Minerals, Metals \& Materials Society 2024.",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1007/s40831-024-00861-y",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

pages = "1354--1368",

journal = "Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from NiMH Battery Scrap via Selective Sulfation Roasting

AU - Biswas, Jayasree

AU - Esekheigbe, Esther

AU - Partinen, Jere

AU - Lundström, Mari

AU - Jokilaakso, Ari

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2024.

PY - 2024/9

Y1 - 2024/9

N2 - Controlled recycling of battery scrap to recover valuable metals has become essential nowadays not only to fulfill the demand for critical raw materials but also to mitigate the environmental impacts due to the possible release of toxic chemicals and heavy metals from this waste fraction. In the current research, selective sulfation roasting combined with a water leaching route is investigated for the extraction of rare earth metals (REMs) from waste NiMH batteries. The effect of the sulfation roasting kinetic parameters—partial pressure of SO2 (pSO2), and O2 (pO2), and temperature (T), time (t)—on REMs leaching efficiency was examined. The study demonstrated that it is possible to selectively extract REMs from spent NiMH batteries (< 125 µm) by this route. The results showed that, with an increase in temperature and pSO2, the REM leaching efficiency increased linearly. Optimized sulfation roasting conditions are suggested to be 3% SO2–3% O2–Ar at 850 °C for 60 min, resulting in a leaching yield into water of 65% La, 58% Ce, 59% Pr, and 58% Nd along with a very low contamination of Ni (0.4%). These results suggest excellent separation of REMs from the other metallic elements of NiMH scrap. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)

AB - Controlled recycling of battery scrap to recover valuable metals has become essential nowadays not only to fulfill the demand for critical raw materials but also to mitigate the environmental impacts due to the possible release of toxic chemicals and heavy metals from this waste fraction. In the current research, selective sulfation roasting combined with a water leaching route is investigated for the extraction of rare earth metals (REMs) from waste NiMH batteries. The effect of the sulfation roasting kinetic parameters—partial pressure of SO2 (pSO2), and O2 (pO2), and temperature (T), time (t)—on REMs leaching efficiency was examined. The study demonstrated that it is possible to selectively extract REMs from spent NiMH batteries (< 125 µm) by this route. The results showed that, with an increase in temperature and pSO2, the REM leaching efficiency increased linearly. Optimized sulfation roasting conditions are suggested to be 3% SO2–3% O2–Ar at 850 °C for 60 min, resulting in a leaching yield into water of 65% La, 58% Ce, 59% Pr, and 58% Nd along with a very low contamination of Ni (0.4%). These results suggest excellent separation of REMs from the other metallic elements of NiMH scrap. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)

KW - Battery recycling

KW - Niextraction

KW - NiMH battery scrap

KW - Rare earth extraction

KW - Sulfation roasting

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85195864183

U2 - 10.1007/s40831-024-00861-y

DO - 10.1007/s40831-024-00861-y

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85195864183

SN - 2199-3823

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SP - 1354

EP - 1368

JO - Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy

JF - Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy

IS - 3

ER -

Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from NiMH Battery Scrap via Selective Sulfation Roasting

Abstrakti

Rahoitus

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Pääsy asiakirjaan

Muut tiedostot ja linkit

Sormenjälki

Projektit

BATCircle2: Finland-based circular ecosystem of battery metals

Laitteet

Raaka-aineiden tutkimusinfrastruktuuri

Siteeraa tätä