Experimental Study of Effective Mass and Spin-Orbital Energy of the Al₂O₃/NiO Nanoheterostructure Material

The effective mass of the materials relies on exciton dynamics which is greatly dominated by energy gap of the materials. We examined the effective mass for the Al₂O₃/NiO nanoheterostructure material through polarization in the dielectric study. The mean optical effective mass was calculated to be mopt∗ = 5.69645 × 10^-20 m_op/m₀ in the UV-visible region (1 × 10⁶ to 5.4 × 10⁶ Hz). From the group and phase velocity values, we observed that Al₂O₃/NiO is an anisotropic material. The electron spin-orbit energy splitting associated to electron in the valence band was identified using the Gaussian-confining 3D potential under normalized angular momentum (n, l = 0, 1, 2, 3). The 1S (¹S_1/2) and 2S (²S_1/2) orbital ionization energies were calculated to be -6.08 and -5.99 eV for AlO₃/NiO. The orbital ionization energies were established from the Bohr radius a_B = 5.29 × 10^-11 m and donor Rydberg constant R_y = 1.097 × 10⁷ m^-1 of the identical hydrogen atom. Our study gives insights into the exciton dynamics and calculation of orbital energy for the nanoheterostructure materials.