Engineering strategies for designing lightweight ship windows

Janne Matias Heiskari

Engineering strategies for designing lightweight ship windows

Julkaisun otsikon käännös: Suunnittelustrategioita laivojen kevyiden ikkunoiden suunnitteluun

Janne Matias Heiskari

Tutkimustuotos: Doctoral Thesis › Collection of Articles

Abstrakti

Nykyaikaisissa risteilyaluksissa on useita eristyslasityyppisiä ikkunoita parantamassa matkustajakokemusta. Näistä ikkunoista on tullut painokriittisiä rakenteita, jotka vaativat painon optimointia aluksen kokonaistehokkuuden parantamiseksi. Optimointia haastaa yksityiskohtien ja tarkkojen suunnittelumenetelmien puute suunnittelun alkuvaiheessa, jossa päätetään ikkunan pääparametrit. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on parantaa eristyslasien suunnittelukehystä laivan varhaisessa suunnitteluvaiheessa lasilevyjen paksuuden määrittämiseksi, jotta niiden painoa voidaan vähentää. Analyysimenetelmiä kutsutaan suunnittelustrategioiksi, ja ne koostuvat (1) numeerisesta optimoinnista ja (2) elementtimenetelmästä, joka sisältää (3) lasilevyjen geometrisen epälineaarisuuden, (4) laminoidun lasin leikkaussiirtymä ja (5) ilmatiiviisti suljetun ilmatilan aiheuttaman kuormanjaon. Tästä syystä paksuuden määritys on tarkempaa kuin tyypillinen luokittelusääntöpohjainen menetelmä ja siinä on enemmän suunnittelun joustavuutta, kuten ikkunan muoto ja reunaehdot. Tulokset osoittavat, että tällaisten strategioiden käyttäminen on hyödyllistä, sillä löydettiin jopa 50 % painonsäästöjä luokitussääntöihin verrattuna. Löydökset ovat selvempiä suurille ja ohuille eristyslaseille, jotka koostuvat monoliittisista lasilevyistä. Tärkeimmät painoon ja taivutuskäyttäytymiseen vaikuttavat tekijät olivat sallittu taipumaraja, lasilevyjen paksuuskonfiguraatio, muoto, ja liimakerroksen jäykkyys. Tämän väitöskirjan tulosten ja havaintojen perusteella voidaan päätellä, että ehdotetut suunnittelustrategiat tarjoavat laivan suunnittelijoille parempia suunnitteluperiaatteita paksuuden määrittämiseen kuin tällä hetkellä on käytössä. Tämä auttaa vähentämään lasin painoa ja toteuttamaan laivanomistajien unelmoimia uusia ideoita. Asiasta on kuitenkin keskusteltava lisää vastaavien luokituslaitosten kanssa, koska ne varmistavat aluksen turvallisen suunnittelun. Tämä väitöskirja voi toimia pohjana tälle keskustelulle.

Julkaisun otsikon käännös	Suunnittelustrategioita laivojen kevyiden ikkunoiden suunnitteluun
Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Pätevyys	Tohtorintutkinto
Myöntävä instituutio	Aalto-yliopisto
Valvoja/neuvonantaja	Romanoff, Jani, Vastuuprofessori Laakso, Aleksi, Ohjaaja, Ulkoinen henkilö
Kustantaja	Aalto University
Painoksen ISBN	978-952-64-2068-4
Sähköinen ISBN	978-952-64-2069-1
Tila	Julkaistu - 2024
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja

Tutkimusalat

elementtimenetelmä
eristysikkuna
ikkunasuunnittelu
kevytrakenteet
laminoitu lasi

Pääsy asiakirjaan

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-64-2069-1

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@phdthesis{a80e1cc79bac4969bd8f097a3d1b371b,

title = "Engineering strategies for designing lightweight ship windows",

abstract = "Modern cruise ships employ many insulating glass unit (IGU) type windows around the superstructure for increased passenger experience. The IGUs have become weight-critical structures that require weight optimization for better overall vessel efficiency. The optimization is challenged by the lack of details and accurate design methods in the early design phase, where the window's major parameters are decided. Therefore, this dissertation aims to improve the IGU design framework during the ship's early design phase to determine the glass pane thickness for reduced weight. The analysis methods are called engineering strategies, and they consist of (1) numerical optimization and (2) finite element method (FEM), which includes (3) geometric nonlinearity of the glass panes, (4) shear transfer of laminated glass, and (5) load sharing due to the hermetically sealed cavity. Hence, the thickness determination is more accurate than the typical classification rule-based method and has more design flexibility, such as window shape and boundary conditions. The results show that using such strategies is beneficial, as potential weight savings of up to 50% were found with respect to the classification rules. The findings are more evident for large, thin IGUs of monolithic glass panes. The most important factors affecting the weight and bending behavior were the allowable deflection limit, glass pane thickness configuration, IGU shape, and interlayer stiffness in laminated glass. Based on the results and observations in this dissertation, we can conclude that the proposed engineering strategies offer the ship designers better design principles for thickness determination than those currently in use. This helps to reduce glass weight and accomplish the novel ideas dreamed by the ship owners. However, we must further discuss this matter with the corresponding classification societies as they ensure the ship's safe design. This dissertation can work as a foundation for that discussion.",

keywords = "finite element method, insulating glass unit, laminated glass, lightweight structures, window design, elementtimenetelm{\"a}, eristysikkuna, ikkunasuunnittelu, kevytrakenteet, laminoitu lasi, finite element method, insulating glass unit, laminated glass, lightweight structures, window design",

author = "Heiskari, {Janne Matias}",

year = "2024",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-952-64-2068-4",

series = "Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES",

publisher = "Aalto University",

number = "215",

address = "Finland",

school = "Aalto University",

}

TY - BOOK

T1 - Engineering strategies for designing lightweight ship windows

AU - Heiskari, Janne Matias

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Modern cruise ships employ many insulating glass unit (IGU) type windows around the superstructure for increased passenger experience. The IGUs have become weight-critical structures that require weight optimization for better overall vessel efficiency. The optimization is challenged by the lack of details and accurate design methods in the early design phase, where the window's major parameters are decided. Therefore, this dissertation aims to improve the IGU design framework during the ship's early design phase to determine the glass pane thickness for reduced weight. The analysis methods are called engineering strategies, and they consist of (1) numerical optimization and (2) finite element method (FEM), which includes (3) geometric nonlinearity of the glass panes, (4) shear transfer of laminated glass, and (5) load sharing due to the hermetically sealed cavity. Hence, the thickness determination is more accurate than the typical classification rule-based method and has more design flexibility, such as window shape and boundary conditions. The results show that using such strategies is beneficial, as potential weight savings of up to 50% were found with respect to the classification rules. The findings are more evident for large, thin IGUs of monolithic glass panes. The most important factors affecting the weight and bending behavior were the allowable deflection limit, glass pane thickness configuration, IGU shape, and interlayer stiffness in laminated glass. Based on the results and observations in this dissertation, we can conclude that the proposed engineering strategies offer the ship designers better design principles for thickness determination than those currently in use. This helps to reduce glass weight and accomplish the novel ideas dreamed by the ship owners. However, we must further discuss this matter with the corresponding classification societies as they ensure the ship's safe design. This dissertation can work as a foundation for that discussion.

AB - Modern cruise ships employ many insulating glass unit (IGU) type windows around the superstructure for increased passenger experience. The IGUs have become weight-critical structures that require weight optimization for better overall vessel efficiency. The optimization is challenged by the lack of details and accurate design methods in the early design phase, where the window's major parameters are decided. Therefore, this dissertation aims to improve the IGU design framework during the ship's early design phase to determine the glass pane thickness for reduced weight. The analysis methods are called engineering strategies, and they consist of (1) numerical optimization and (2) finite element method (FEM), which includes (3) geometric nonlinearity of the glass panes, (4) shear transfer of laminated glass, and (5) load sharing due to the hermetically sealed cavity. Hence, the thickness determination is more accurate than the typical classification rule-based method and has more design flexibility, such as window shape and boundary conditions. The results show that using such strategies is beneficial, as potential weight savings of up to 50% were found with respect to the classification rules. The findings are more evident for large, thin IGUs of monolithic glass panes. The most important factors affecting the weight and bending behavior were the allowable deflection limit, glass pane thickness configuration, IGU shape, and interlayer stiffness in laminated glass. Based on the results and observations in this dissertation, we can conclude that the proposed engineering strategies offer the ship designers better design principles for thickness determination than those currently in use. This helps to reduce glass weight and accomplish the novel ideas dreamed by the ship owners. However, we must further discuss this matter with the corresponding classification societies as they ensure the ship's safe design. This dissertation can work as a foundation for that discussion.

KW - finite element method

KW - insulating glass unit

KW - laminated glass

KW - lightweight structures

KW - window design

KW - elementtimenetelmä

KW - eristysikkuna

KW - ikkunasuunnittelu

KW - kevytrakenteet

KW - laminoitu lasi

KW - finite element method

KW - insulating glass unit

KW - laminated glass

KW - lightweight structures

KW - window design

M3 - Doctoral Thesis

SN - 978-952-64-2068-4

T3 - Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES

PB - Aalto University

ER -

Engineering strategies for designing lightweight ship windows

Abstrakti

Tutkimusalat

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