Energy transition impacts and opportunities in the Nordic electricity and district heating markets

Kristo Helin

Energy transition impacts and opportunities in the Nordic electricity and district heating markets

Julkaisun otsikon käännös: Energiamurroksen vaikutukset ja mahdollisuudet pohjoismaisilla sähkö- ja kaukolämpömarkkinoilla

Kristo Helin

Konetekniikan laitos

Tutkimustuotos: Doctoral Thesis › Collection of Articles

Abstrakti

Meneillään oleva alhaisen sähkön markkinahinnan kausi haittaa useiden sähkön- ja lämmöntuotantomuotojen kannattavuutta. Samalla kun vaihtelevan uusiutuvan sähköntuotannon osuus kasvaa ja ilmastotavoitteet tiukkenevat, sähkö- ja lämpösektoreiden sopeutuminen uusiin vaatimuksiin aiheuttaa huolta. Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan lämpö- ja sähkösektoreiden välistä integraatiota joustavuuden ja tehokkuuden parantamiseksi molemmissa. Otamme markkinalähtöisen näkökulman integraatioon, koska se toteutuu ja säilyy vain, jos tarvittavat investoinnit ovat taloudellisesti kannattavia. Tarkastelemme kolmea sektoreiden välisen integraation osa-aluetta: teollinen kysyntäjousto, sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotanto sekä suuret lämpöpumput. Tarkastellun sellu- ja paperitehtaan teollisen kysyntäjouston taloudellinen kapasiteetti eroaa huomattavasti sen teknisestä kapasiteetista kysyntäjoustotoimien kustannusten ja riskien vuoksi. Näiden takia vain osa teknisestä kapasiteetista voitaneen hyödyntää. Yhteistuotannon ja suurten lämpöpumppujen käyttö pohjoismaisessa kaukolämmöntuotannossa riippuu osittain kokonaiskehityksestä sähkönkulutuksessa ja sähköntuotantokapasiteeteissa. Kyseisten teknologioiden käyttö parantaa energiajärjestelmän tehokkuutta verrattuna kilpaileviin nykyteknologioihin. Mallinnustulosten perusteella molempien käytölle on jatkuvat edellytykset yli vuoden 2030, jos sähkön kysyntä kehittyy kansallisten ennusteiden mukaisesti. Vaikka näemme taloudellista potentiaalia sektoreiden yhdistämiselle kaikissa tarkastelluissa tapauksissa, niille on rajoituksia ja ehtoja, joiden tulisi täyttyä, liittyen esimerkiksi sähkön markkinahintaan, säännöksiin ja verotukseen. Sektoreiden integraatioon tähtäävässä tutkimuksessa ja poliittisessa työssä tulisi huomioida energialiiketoiminnan markkinalähtöisyys ja kansainvälisyys. Tämä mahdollistaa teoreettista kelpoisuutta syvemmän ymmärryksen investointipotentiaalista sektori-integraatiossa.

Julkaisun otsikon käännös	Energiamurroksen vaikutukset ja mahdollisuudet pohjoismaisilla sähkö- ja kaukolämpömarkkinoilla
Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Pätevyys	Tohtorintutkinto
Myöntävä instituutio	Aalto-yliopisto
Valvoja/neuvonantaja	Syri, Sanna, Vastuuprofessori Zakeri, Behnam, Ohjaaja
Kustantaja	Aalto University
Painoksen ISBN	978-952-60-8555-5
Sähköinen ISBN	978-952-60-8556-2
Tila	Julkaistu - 2019
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	G5 Tohtorinväitöskirja (artikkeli)

Tutkimusalat

energiamarkkinat
yhteistuotanto
kaukolämpö
sektori-integraatio
lämpöpumppu
kysyntäjousto
energiaturvallisuus

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Tämä tuotos edistää seuraavia kestävän kehityksen tavoitteita:

Pääsy asiakirjaan

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-8556-2

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@phdthesis{dff3dcf3935e4f028abdf4239b9babd2,

title = "Energy transition impacts and opportunities in the Nordic electricity and district heating markets",

abstract = "An ongoing period of low electricity market price has a negative impact on the profitability of many forms of electricity and heat production in the Nordic energy system. As the share of variable renewable energy increases and climate goals become more stringent, there is worry over how the heating and electricity sectors will adapt to new demands. This dissertation discusses the integration of the heat and electricity sectors for additional flexibility and efficiency in both. We take a market-based view on the integration because it is realised and maintained only if the necessary investment is profitable. We discuss three aspects of sector integration: industrial demand-side management (IDSM), combined heat and power (CHP) production, and large-scale heat pumps (LHPs). The economic IDSM capacity of a case pulp and paper mill differs significantly from the technical capacity due to the costs and risks of demand response actions. Owing to these, the technical capacity may be only partially utilised. The economy of the future use of CHP and LHPs in Nordic district heating has links to the overall electricity demand and electricity production capacities. The use of these technologies improves the efficiency of the energy system when compared with current competing technologies. Model results indicate continuous potential for the use of both past the year 2030, if electricity demand grows according to national forecasts. While we find economic potential for sector integration in all studied cases, there are limits and conditions for them, including the market price of electricity, as well as regulations and taxation. Research and policymaking aiming for increased sector integration should consider the market-based and international operation of the energy business. This will allow the holistic understanding of investment potential in sector integration beyond theoretical feasibility.",

keywords = "energy markets, CHP, district heating, sector integration, heat pump, demand side management, energy security, energiamarkkinat, yhteistuotanto, kaukol{\"a}mp{\"o}, sektori-integraatio, l{\"a}mp{\"o}pumppu, kysynt{\"a}jousto, energiaturvallisuus, energy markets, CHP, district heating, sector integration, heat pump, demand side management, energy security",

author = "Kristo Helin",

year = "2019",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-952-60-8555-5",

series = "Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS",

publisher = "Aalto University",

number = "92",

address = "Finland",

school = "Aalto University",

}

TY - THES

T1 - Energy transition impacts and opportunities in the Nordic electricity and district heating markets

AU - Helin, Kristo

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - An ongoing period of low electricity market price has a negative impact on the profitability of many forms of electricity and heat production in the Nordic energy system. As the share of variable renewable energy increases and climate goals become more stringent, there is worry over how the heating and electricity sectors will adapt to new demands. This dissertation discusses the integration of the heat and electricity sectors for additional flexibility and efficiency in both. We take a market-based view on the integration because it is realised and maintained only if the necessary investment is profitable. We discuss three aspects of sector integration: industrial demand-side management (IDSM), combined heat and power (CHP) production, and large-scale heat pumps (LHPs). The economic IDSM capacity of a case pulp and paper mill differs significantly from the technical capacity due to the costs and risks of demand response actions. Owing to these, the technical capacity may be only partially utilised. The economy of the future use of CHP and LHPs in Nordic district heating has links to the overall electricity demand and electricity production capacities. The use of these technologies improves the efficiency of the energy system when compared with current competing technologies. Model results indicate continuous potential for the use of both past the year 2030, if electricity demand grows according to national forecasts. While we find economic potential for sector integration in all studied cases, there are limits and conditions for them, including the market price of electricity, as well as regulations and taxation. Research and policymaking aiming for increased sector integration should consider the market-based and international operation of the energy business. This will allow the holistic understanding of investment potential in sector integration beyond theoretical feasibility.

AB - An ongoing period of low electricity market price has a negative impact on the profitability of many forms of electricity and heat production in the Nordic energy system. As the share of variable renewable energy increases and climate goals become more stringent, there is worry over how the heating and electricity sectors will adapt to new demands. This dissertation discusses the integration of the heat and electricity sectors for additional flexibility and efficiency in both. We take a market-based view on the integration because it is realised and maintained only if the necessary investment is profitable. We discuss three aspects of sector integration: industrial demand-side management (IDSM), combined heat and power (CHP) production, and large-scale heat pumps (LHPs). The economic IDSM capacity of a case pulp and paper mill differs significantly from the technical capacity due to the costs and risks of demand response actions. Owing to these, the technical capacity may be only partially utilised. The economy of the future use of CHP and LHPs in Nordic district heating has links to the overall electricity demand and electricity production capacities. The use of these technologies improves the efficiency of the energy system when compared with current competing technologies. Model results indicate continuous potential for the use of both past the year 2030, if electricity demand grows according to national forecasts. While we find economic potential for sector integration in all studied cases, there are limits and conditions for them, including the market price of electricity, as well as regulations and taxation. Research and policymaking aiming for increased sector integration should consider the market-based and international operation of the energy business. This will allow the holistic understanding of investment potential in sector integration beyond theoretical feasibility.

KW - energy markets

KW - CHP

KW - district heating

KW - sector integration

KW - heat pump

KW - demand side management

KW - energy security

KW - energiamarkkinat

KW - yhteistuotanto

KW - kaukolämpö

KW - sektori-integraatio

KW - lämpöpumppu

KW - kysyntäjousto

KW - energiaturvallisuus

KW - energy markets

KW - CHP

KW - district heating

KW - sector integration

KW - heat pump

KW - demand side management

KW - energy security

M3 - Doctoral Thesis

SN - 978-952-60-8555-5

T3 - Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS

PB - Aalto University

ER -

Energy transition impacts and opportunities in the Nordic electricity and district heating markets

Abstrakti

Tutkimusalat

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Pääsy asiakirjaan

OpenUrl-saatavuus

Sormenjälki

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