Dust dispersion in hard rock quarries

Marjo Sitkiä

Dust dispersion in hard rock quarries

Julkaisun otsikon käännös: Pölyn leviäminen kovakivilouhoksilla

Marjo Sitkiä

Tutkimustuotos: Doctoral Thesis › Collection of Articles

Abstrakti

Avolouhinta on merkittävä teollisuuden ala monissa maissa. Merkittäviä pölypäästöjä syntyy tuotettaessa kiviainestuotteita, kuten murskeita. Pöly aiheuttaa haitallisia ympäristövaikutuksia. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli määrittää pölyn leviämisen laajuus ja selvittää siihen vaikuttavat kriittiset parametrit kovakivilouhoksissa. Kriittisimmät pölyn pitoisuuteen ja leviämiseen vaikuttavat parametrit näyttävät olevan tuulen suunta, vuodenajan ilmasto-olosuhteet, murskausyksiköiden lukumäärä ja poran kapasiteetti. Lisäksi testattiin kaupallista mallinnusohjelmaa AERMOD BREEZE lyhytaikaisten mallinnustulosten käytettävyyden selvittämiseksi. Pölyä mitattiin kahdeksassa kiviaineslouhoksessa ja kahdessa luonnonkivilouhimossa. Mittaukset tehtiin louhosalueen sisällä nefelometrillä. Mittauksia ja mallinnustuloksia verrattiin aiemmin julkaistuihin tutkimustuloksiin. Pölypitoisuus kiviaineslouhoksissa oli noin muutama tuhat µg PM10/m3. Kaksivaihemurskaus tuotti noin 1 700 μg PM10/m3 ja kolmivaihemurskaus noin 3 400 μg PM10/m3 mitattaessa 50 m myötätuuleen pölylähteestä. Murskaamiseen verrattuna poraus tuotti huomattavasti vähemmän pölyä: muutamasta kymmenestä muutamaan sataan µg:aan PM10/m3. PM10:n taustapitoisuus saavutettiin ekstrapoloiduilla etäisyyksillä 750 m:n, 350 m:n ja 100 m:n kolmi- ja kaksivaihemurskauksesta sekä porauksesta. Talvella PM10-pitoisuus kaksivaihemurskaamisen lähellä oli noin 1 700 µg/m3, kun taas kesäisin se oli noin 170 µg/m3. Mallinnusohjelma suoriutui hyvin mallinnettaessa murskauksen pölyämistä kesäaikaan, sillä mallinnetut pitoisuudet olivat samaa suuruusluokkaa (93 %) mitattujen kanssa. Mallinnus ei kuitenkaan pystynyt reagoimaan riittävästi talviaikaiseen pintainversioon ja mallinnetut murskauksen pölypitoisuudet olivat noin 5 % mitatuista. Mallinnuksella ei pystytty luotettavasti ennustamaan pölyn leviämisen tuntivaihtelua louhoksen läheisyydessä. Tämän päätelmän vahvistamiseksi tulisi tehdä mallinnus käyttäen louhosalueen säätietoja ja verrata mallinnustuloksia mitattuihin pitoisuuksiin.

Julkaisun otsikon käännös	Pölyn leviäminen kovakivilouhoksilla
Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Pätevyys	Tohtorintutkinto
Myöntävä instituutio	Aalto-yliopisto
Valvoja/neuvonantaja	Rinne, Mikael, Vastuuprofessori Selonen, Olavi, Ohjaaja, Ulkoinen henkilö
Kustantaja	Aalto University
Painoksen ISBN	978-952-64-1341-9
Sähköinen ISBN	978-952-64-1342-6
Tila	Julkaistu - 2023
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja

Tutkimusalat

murskaus
poraus
pölyn massapitoisuus
pölyn leviäminen
PM10
PM2.5

Pääsy asiakirjaan

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-64-1342-6

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@phdthesis{99de63c733674c84882a0273500d2201,

title = "Dust dispersion in hard rock quarries",

abstract = "Open-pit quarrying constitutes a core industry in many countries. Significant dust emissions appear when different types of rock products, such as aggregates, are being produced. Dust causes harmful environmental effects. The aim of this study was to define the extent of dust dispersion and to find out critical parameters affecting it in hard rock quarries. The most critical parameters affecting the dust concentration and dispersion appears to be the wind direction, seasonal climatic conditions, number of crushing units and capacity of the drill. In addition, the commercial software AERMOD BREEZE for dust dispersion modelling was tested to find out the usability of short-term modelling results. Dust was measured in eight aggregate quarries and in two natural stone quarries. The measurements were made inside the quarry area with a nephelometer. Performed measurements and modelling results were compared with published data. During the production the dust concentration within aggregate quarries was a few thousand µg PM10/m3. The secondary crushing generated approximately 1 700 μg PM10/m3 and tertiary crushing about 3 400 μg PM10/m3, measured 50 m downwind from the source. Compared to crushing, drilling produced significantly less dust: between a few tens to few hundreds of µg PM10/m3. The background concentration of PM10 was reached at extrapolated distances of 750 m, 350 m, and 100 m from the tertiary crushing, secondary crushing, and drilling of natural stone, respectively. During the wintertime, the PM10 concentration near the secondary crushing was approximately 1 700 µg/m3, whereas during the summertime, it was roughly 170 µg/m3. Modelling performed well for crushing during the summertime as the modelled concentrations were same order of magnitude (93%) with the measured ones. However, modelling was unable to react sufficiently into ground inversion during wintertime and predicted concentrations of crushing were approximately 5% of the measured ones. The modelling was not able to predict reliably the hourly fluctuation of dust dispersion in the vicinity of a quarry. Modelling with on-site weather monitoring data and comparison of measured concentrations should be conducted to verify this conclusion.",

keywords = "crushing, drilling, dust mass concentration, dust dispersion, PM10, PM2.5, murskaus, poraus, p{\"o}lyn massapitoisuus, p{\"o}lyn levi{\"a}minen, PM10, PM2.5, crushing, drilling, dust mass concentration, dust dispersion, PM10, PM2.5",

author = "Marjo Sitki{\"a}",

year = "2023",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-952-64-1341-9",

series = "Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES",

publisher = "Aalto University",

number = "105",

address = "Finland",

school = "Aalto University",

}

TY - BOOK

T1 - Dust dispersion in hard rock quarries

AU - Sitkiä, Marjo

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Open-pit quarrying constitutes a core industry in many countries. Significant dust emissions appear when different types of rock products, such as aggregates, are being produced. Dust causes harmful environmental effects. The aim of this study was to define the extent of dust dispersion and to find out critical parameters affecting it in hard rock quarries. The most critical parameters affecting the dust concentration and dispersion appears to be the wind direction, seasonal climatic conditions, number of crushing units and capacity of the drill. In addition, the commercial software AERMOD BREEZE for dust dispersion modelling was tested to find out the usability of short-term modelling results. Dust was measured in eight aggregate quarries and in two natural stone quarries. The measurements were made inside the quarry area with a nephelometer. Performed measurements and modelling results were compared with published data. During the production the dust concentration within aggregate quarries was a few thousand µg PM10/m3. The secondary crushing generated approximately 1 700 μg PM10/m3 and tertiary crushing about 3 400 μg PM10/m3, measured 50 m downwind from the source. Compared to crushing, drilling produced significantly less dust: between a few tens to few hundreds of µg PM10/m3. The background concentration of PM10 was reached at extrapolated distances of 750 m, 350 m, and 100 m from the tertiary crushing, secondary crushing, and drilling of natural stone, respectively. During the wintertime, the PM10 concentration near the secondary crushing was approximately 1 700 µg/m3, whereas during the summertime, it was roughly 170 µg/m3. Modelling performed well for crushing during the summertime as the modelled concentrations were same order of magnitude (93%) with the measured ones. However, modelling was unable to react sufficiently into ground inversion during wintertime and predicted concentrations of crushing were approximately 5% of the measured ones. The modelling was not able to predict reliably the hourly fluctuation of dust dispersion in the vicinity of a quarry. Modelling with on-site weather monitoring data and comparison of measured concentrations should be conducted to verify this conclusion.

AB - Open-pit quarrying constitutes a core industry in many countries. Significant dust emissions appear when different types of rock products, such as aggregates, are being produced. Dust causes harmful environmental effects. The aim of this study was to define the extent of dust dispersion and to find out critical parameters affecting it in hard rock quarries. The most critical parameters affecting the dust concentration and dispersion appears to be the wind direction, seasonal climatic conditions, number of crushing units and capacity of the drill. In addition, the commercial software AERMOD BREEZE for dust dispersion modelling was tested to find out the usability of short-term modelling results. Dust was measured in eight aggregate quarries and in two natural stone quarries. The measurements were made inside the quarry area with a nephelometer. Performed measurements and modelling results were compared with published data. During the production the dust concentration within aggregate quarries was a few thousand µg PM10/m3. The secondary crushing generated approximately 1 700 μg PM10/m3 and tertiary crushing about 3 400 μg PM10/m3, measured 50 m downwind from the source. Compared to crushing, drilling produced significantly less dust: between a few tens to few hundreds of µg PM10/m3. The background concentration of PM10 was reached at extrapolated distances of 750 m, 350 m, and 100 m from the tertiary crushing, secondary crushing, and drilling of natural stone, respectively. During the wintertime, the PM10 concentration near the secondary crushing was approximately 1 700 µg/m3, whereas during the summertime, it was roughly 170 µg/m3. Modelling performed well for crushing during the summertime as the modelled concentrations were same order of magnitude (93%) with the measured ones. However, modelling was unable to react sufficiently into ground inversion during wintertime and predicted concentrations of crushing were approximately 5% of the measured ones. The modelling was not able to predict reliably the hourly fluctuation of dust dispersion in the vicinity of a quarry. Modelling with on-site weather monitoring data and comparison of measured concentrations should be conducted to verify this conclusion.

KW - crushing

KW - drilling

KW - dust mass concentration

KW - dust dispersion

KW - PM10

KW - PM2.5

KW - murskaus

KW - poraus

KW - pölyn massapitoisuus

KW - pölyn leviäminen

KW - PM10

KW - PM2.5

KW - crushing

KW - drilling

KW - dust mass concentration

KW - dust dispersion

KW - PM10

KW - PM2.5

M3 - Doctoral Thesis

SN - 978-952-64-1341-9

T3 - Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES

PB - Aalto University

ER -

Dust dispersion in hard rock quarries

Abstrakti

Tutkimusalat

Pääsy asiakirjaan

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