Demand Response and Energy Resilience Through Electric Vehicles - Advanced Modelling Techniques and Economic Implications

Johannes Einolander

Demand Response and Energy Resilience Through Electric Vehicles - Advanced Modelling Techniques and Economic Implications

Julkaisun otsikon käännös: Sähköautojen kysyntäjousto ja energiaresilienssi — Edistyneet mallinnustekniikat ja taloudelliset vaikutukset

Johannes Einolander

Tutkimustuotos: Doctoral Thesis › Collection of Articles

Abstrakti

Energiamurros luo merkittäviä haasteita esimerkiksi sähköverkon vakaudelle uusiutuvien energialähteiden vaihtelevan luonteen vuoksi. Vaihtelevan tuotannon lisääntyminen edellyttää aiempaa laajempaa joustavuutta sähköverkon tehotasapainon ylläpitämiseksi. Sähkönkäytön joustavuutta eli tarkoituksellista kulutuksen säätämistä ulkoisten signaalien perusteella kutsutaan kysyntäjoustoksi. Liikenteen sähköistyminen on tärkeä osa energiasiirtymää, mutta sähköautokannan laajamittainen kasvu voi aiheuttaa lisäongelmia sähköverkon tehotasapainolle. Hyödyntämällä kysyntäjoustoa on kuitenkin mahdollista minimoida nämä mahdolliset haitat ja sähköautokannasta voi muodostua tärkeä tulevaisuuden sähköjärjestelmien edellyttämä joustavuuden lähde. Sähköautojen kysyntäjouston hyödyt eivät rajoitu pelkästään sähköverkkojen tasapainotukseen, vaan kysyntäjousto mahdollistaa monenlaisia etuja eri sidosryhmille. Esimerkiksi kotitalouksille ja yksittäisille kuluttajille kysyntäjousto antaa erinomaisen mahdollisuuden pienentää sähkölaskuja. Sähköautojen kaksisuuntainen lataus mahdollistaa aiempaa suuremmat säästöt ja parantaa energiaresilienssiä esimerkiksi sähkökatkojen aikaisen sähkönkäytön kautta. Tämä väitöskirja tarkastelee sähköautojen kysyntäjouston ja kaksisuuntaisen latauksen hyötyjä ja mahdollisuuksia keskittyen erityisesti kansallisen ja kotitaloustason taloudellisiin vaikutuksiin sekä sähkökatkojen välttämiseen. Näiden tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi väitöskirja esittelee useita uusia monimuuttujakopuloihin ja lineaariseen ohjelmointiin perustuvia tapahtumaperusteisia sähköautojen lataus-, kysyntäjousto-, ja sähkökatkomallinnusmenetelmiä. Tulosten perusteella nopeasti kasvavasta sähköautokannasta tulee muodostumaan merkittävä kysyntäjouston lähde, joka tarjoaa merkittäviä etuja sähköverkon vakaudelle ja jolla on merkittävä taloudellinen potentiaali. Kotitalouksille sähköautojen kysyntäjousto voi jo nyt tuoda huomattavia kustannussäästöjä, mutta suurimmat vuosihyödyt tullaan saavuttamaan kaksisuuntaisella latauksella. Lisäksi kaksisuuntainen lataus on erittäin tehokas keino parantaa kotitalouksien energiaresilienssiä ja ylläpitää sähkönkäyttöä sähkökatkojen aikana. Kaksisuuntaisen latauksen mahdollistama sähkökatkojen välttäminen voi toimia merkittävänä ei-rahallisena kannustimena kaksisuuntaisten latureiden käyttöönotolle.

Julkaisun otsikon käännös	Sähköautojen kysyntäjousto ja energiaresilienssi — Edistyneet mallinnustekniikat ja taloudelliset vaikutukset
Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Pätevyys	Tohtorintutkinto
Myöntävä instituutio	Aalto-yliopisto
Valvoja/neuvonantaja	Lahdelma, Risto, Vastuuprofessori Lahdelma, Risto, Ohjaaja
Kustantaja	Aalto University
Painoksen ISBN	978-952-64-1982-4
Sähköinen ISBN	978-952-64-1983-1
Tila	Julkaistu - 2024
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja

Tutkimusalat

sähköauto
kysyntäjousto
energiaresilienssi
sähkökatko
kopula
mallinnus
optimointi

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

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Pääsy asiakirjaan

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-64-1983-1

Science-IT
Hakala, M. (Manager)
Perustieteiden korkeakoulu
Laitteistot/tilat: Facility

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@phdthesis{7a53eb893de9458bbc0c18a531894c55,

title = "Demand Response and Energy Resilience Through Electric Vehicles - Advanced Modelling Techniques and Economic Implications",

abstract = "The energy transition, a historical shift towards renewable energy to combat climate change, introduces significant challenges, for instance, for power grid stability due to the intermittent nature of renewables. This increased variability, along with decreased possibilities for power generation regulation, necessitates an increase in flexibility from novel sources. Flexibility of electricity use, that is, the intentional adjustment of consumption based on external signals, is called demand response. One of the key components of the energy transition is the electrification of transportation. Large-scale adoption of electric vehicles can result in additional stress for power grid balancing, however, through demand response, the growing electric vehicle fleets can become an important source of the much-needed flexibility and improve energy resilience. The opportunities enabled by intelligent control of electric vehicle charging extend beyond power grid balancing, offering significant benefits for a diverse range of stakeholders. For households and individual consumers, participation in demand response can lead to considerable financial benefits and reductions in electricity costs. These advantages are further amplified through adoption of bidirectional electric vehicle charging, which, beyond financial savings, can improve household energy resilience and enable self-sustainment during power outages. This dissertation explores the multifaceted benefits and implications of electric vehicle demand response and bidirectionality focusing especially on the economic implications on the national and household levels, and on the novel utilization of electric vehicles in power outage self-sustainment. To achieve these objectives, this dissertation introduces several novel methodologies based on multivariate copulas and linear programming for event-based electric vehicle charging, demand response, and outage self-sustainment modelling. Based on the findings, the rapidly growing electric vehicle fleet can be expected to become a major source of flexibility and demand response, offering substantial benefits for power grid stability, and presenting significant economic potential. For households, utilization of electric vehicles in demand response can already yield substantial cost savings, with highest annual savings gained through bidirectional operation. Moreover, bidirectional electric vehicle charging is found to be extremely effective in sustaining household electricity use during power outages. This improvement in household energy resilience can act as a significant non-monetary incentive for bidirectional charger adoption.",

keywords = "electric vehicle, demand response, energy resilience, power outage, copula, modelling, optimization, s{\"a}hk{\"o}auto, kysynt{\"a}jousto, energiaresilienssi, s{\"a}hk{\"o}katko, kopula, mallinnus, optimointi, electric vehicle, demand response, energy resilience, power outage, copula, modelling, optimization",

author = "Johannes Einolander",

year = "2024",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-952-64-1982-4",

series = "Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES",

publisher = "Aalto University",

number = "173",

address = "Finland",

school = "Aalto University",

}

TY - BOOK

T1 - Demand Response and Energy Resilience Through Electric Vehicles - Advanced Modelling Techniques and Economic Implications

AU - Einolander, Johannes

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - The energy transition, a historical shift towards renewable energy to combat climate change, introduces significant challenges, for instance, for power grid stability due to the intermittent nature of renewables. This increased variability, along with decreased possibilities for power generation regulation, necessitates an increase in flexibility from novel sources. Flexibility of electricity use, that is, the intentional adjustment of consumption based on external signals, is called demand response. One of the key components of the energy transition is the electrification of transportation. Large-scale adoption of electric vehicles can result in additional stress for power grid balancing, however, through demand response, the growing electric vehicle fleets can become an important source of the much-needed flexibility and improve energy resilience. The opportunities enabled by intelligent control of electric vehicle charging extend beyond power grid balancing, offering significant benefits for a diverse range of stakeholders. For households and individual consumers, participation in demand response can lead to considerable financial benefits and reductions in electricity costs. These advantages are further amplified through adoption of bidirectional electric vehicle charging, which, beyond financial savings, can improve household energy resilience and enable self-sustainment during power outages. This dissertation explores the multifaceted benefits and implications of electric vehicle demand response and bidirectionality focusing especially on the economic implications on the national and household levels, and on the novel utilization of electric vehicles in power outage self-sustainment. To achieve these objectives, this dissertation introduces several novel methodologies based on multivariate copulas and linear programming for event-based electric vehicle charging, demand response, and outage self-sustainment modelling. Based on the findings, the rapidly growing electric vehicle fleet can be expected to become a major source of flexibility and demand response, offering substantial benefits for power grid stability, and presenting significant economic potential. For households, utilization of electric vehicles in demand response can already yield substantial cost savings, with highest annual savings gained through bidirectional operation. Moreover, bidirectional electric vehicle charging is found to be extremely effective in sustaining household electricity use during power outages. This improvement in household energy resilience can act as a significant non-monetary incentive for bidirectional charger adoption.

AB - The energy transition, a historical shift towards renewable energy to combat climate change, introduces significant challenges, for instance, for power grid stability due to the intermittent nature of renewables. This increased variability, along with decreased possibilities for power generation regulation, necessitates an increase in flexibility from novel sources. Flexibility of electricity use, that is, the intentional adjustment of consumption based on external signals, is called demand response. One of the key components of the energy transition is the electrification of transportation. Large-scale adoption of electric vehicles can result in additional stress for power grid balancing, however, through demand response, the growing electric vehicle fleets can become an important source of the much-needed flexibility and improve energy resilience. The opportunities enabled by intelligent control of electric vehicle charging extend beyond power grid balancing, offering significant benefits for a diverse range of stakeholders. For households and individual consumers, participation in demand response can lead to considerable financial benefits and reductions in electricity costs. These advantages are further amplified through adoption of bidirectional electric vehicle charging, which, beyond financial savings, can improve household energy resilience and enable self-sustainment during power outages. This dissertation explores the multifaceted benefits and implications of electric vehicle demand response and bidirectionality focusing especially on the economic implications on the national and household levels, and on the novel utilization of electric vehicles in power outage self-sustainment. To achieve these objectives, this dissertation introduces several novel methodologies based on multivariate copulas and linear programming for event-based electric vehicle charging, demand response, and outage self-sustainment modelling. Based on the findings, the rapidly growing electric vehicle fleet can be expected to become a major source of flexibility and demand response, offering substantial benefits for power grid stability, and presenting significant economic potential. For households, utilization of electric vehicles in demand response can already yield substantial cost savings, with highest annual savings gained through bidirectional operation. Moreover, bidirectional electric vehicle charging is found to be extremely effective in sustaining household electricity use during power outages. This improvement in household energy resilience can act as a significant non-monetary incentive for bidirectional charger adoption.

KW - electric vehicle

KW - demand response

KW - energy resilience

KW - power outage

KW - copula

KW - modelling

KW - optimization

KW - sähköauto

KW - kysyntäjousto

KW - energiaresilienssi

KW - sähkökatko

KW - kopula

KW - mallinnus

KW - optimointi

KW - electric vehicle

KW - demand response

KW - energy resilience

KW - power outage

KW - copula

KW - modelling

KW - optimization

M3 - Doctoral Thesis

SN - 978-952-64-1982-4

T3 - Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES

PB - Aalto University

ER -

Demand Response and Energy Resilience Through Electric Vehicles - Advanced Modelling Techniques and Economic Implications

Abstrakti

Tutkimusalat

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Pääsy asiakirjaan

Sormenjälki

Laitteet

Science-IT

Siteeraa tätä