Climate and Health Impacts of Residential Wood Combustion in Finland

Mikko Savolahti

Climate and Health Impacts of Residential Wood Combustion in Finland

Julkaisun otsikon käännös: Puun pienpolton ilmasto- ja terveysvaikutukset Suomessa

Mikko Savolahti

Energia- ja konetekniikan laitos

Tutkimustuotos: Doctoral Thesis › Collection of Articles

Abstrakti

Kohonneet pienhiukkaspitoisuudet hengitysilmassa aiheuttavat merkittäviä kansanterveydellisiä haittoja. Viime vuosikymmeninä pienhiukkasten päästöjä on saatu tehokkaasti vähennettyä lainsäädännön avulla, erityisesti teollisuuden ja liikenteen pakokaasujen osalta. Puun pienpolton päästöjä ei kuitenkaan ole rajoitettu vastaavasti, ja pienpoltto onkin noussut monissa maissa merkittävimmäksi päästöjä aiheuttavaksi sektoriksi. Puun polttamisen on ajateltu olevan hiilineutraalia, jolloin ilmastopolitiikka on usein suosinut puun käytön lisäämistä, vaikka sen aiheuttamat ilmanlaatuongelmat olisikin tiedostettu. Viime vuosina kuitenkin myös biomassan polttamisen ilmastovaikutukset ovat saaneet paljon tieteellistä kiinnostusta, liittyen sekä mustan hiilen päästöihin että muutoksiin maapallon hiilivarastoissa. On osoitettu, että puun polttamisella on ilmastovaikutuksia, jotka voivat olla samaa suuruusluokkaa tai suurempia kuin fossiilisilla polttoaineilla. Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan puun pienpolton aiheuttamia ilmasto- ja terveysvaikutuksia. Työssä esitetään perusteellinen laskentamenetelmä, jolla voidaan arvioida puun pienpolton aiheuttamia päästöjä Suomessa. Lisäksi työssä tutkitaan mahdollisten päästövähennyskeinojen vaikuttavuutta ja kustannuksia. Työssä esitetään myös menetelmä maapallon säteilypakotteeseen vaikuttavien, Suomen leveysasteilla tapahtuvien päästöjen ilmastovaikutuksen laskemiseksi, ja sovelletaan menetelmää käytännössä. Lopuksi työssä on esitetty mallintamalla tuotettu arvio pienpoltosta seuraavista terveyshaitoista Suomessa, sekä nykytilanteessa että erilaisissa skenaarioissa. Väitöskirjassa osoitetaan, että puun pienpoltto on suurin pienhiukkasten ja mustan hiilen päästölähde Suomessa. Suhteessa Suomen kasvihuonekaasupäästöihin ja mitattuihin hengitysilman pienhiukkaspitoisuuksiin, puun pienpolton päästöjen todetaan olevan merkittäviä sekä ilmasto- että terveysvaikutusten osalta. Toisaalta väitöskirjassa osoitetaan myös, että päästöjä ja niiden haittavaikutuksia on mahdollista vähentää informatiivisilla ja hallinnollisilla keinoilla.

Julkaisun otsikon käännös	Puun pienpolton ilmasto- ja terveysvaikutukset Suomessa
Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Pätevyys	Tohtorintutkinto
Myöntävä instituutio	Aalto-yliopisto
Valvoja/neuvonantaja	Järvinen, Mika, Vastuuprofessori Karvosenoja, Niko, Ohjaaja, Ulkoinen henkilö
Kustantaja	Aalto University
Painoksen ISBN	978-952-60-8965-2
Sähköinen ISBN	978-952-60-8966-9
Tila	Julkaistu - 2020
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja

Tutkimusalat

puunpoltto
päästöt
hiukkaset
ilmastonmuutos
ilmansaasteet

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Tämä tuotos edistää seuraavia kestävän kehityksen tavoitteita:

Pääsy asiakirjaan

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-8966-9

Siteeraa tätä

@phdthesis{2d529a7163164081b4c16269aa172682,

title = "Climate and Health Impacts of Residential Wood Combustion in Finland",

abstract = "Elevated fine particle concentrations in ambient air cause significant negative impacts on public health. During the last decades, emissions of fine particle matter have been effectively reduced through legislation, especially in industry and transport. Emissions from residential wood combustion, however, have not been regulated, and wood burning has become the most significant source of particulate emissions in many countries. Wood burning has been viewed as carbon neutral, and thus climate policies have often aimed to increase use of wood, even if the negative health impacts of wood smoke have been acknowledged. In recent years, however, the climate impacts of biomass burning have also received increasing scientific interest, regarding both black carbon emissions and changes in global carbon stocks. It has been shown that wood burning has climate effects that can be of the same magnitude or larger than those of using fossil fuels. This thesis examines the climate and health impacts of residential wood combustion in Finland. In this thesis, an approach for thorough estimation of emissions from Finnish residential wood combustion is presented. In addition, the work examines the effectiveness and costs of selected emission reduction measures. The thesis also presents a method for calculating the regional climate impact of emissions that affect the Earth's radiative forcing. The method is then applied to quantify the climate impact caused by residential wood combustion. Finally, the thesis presents an estimate of the negative health impacts caused by fine particle emissions from residential wood combustion in Finland, based on a chain of modeling steps. The thesis demonstrates that wood combustion is the largest source of emissions of fine particles and black carbon in Finland. In relation to Finland's greenhouse gas emissions and measured particulate concentrations in ambient air, emissions from wood combustion are found to be significant in terms of both climate and health effects. On the other hand, the thesis also shows that it is possible to reduce emissions and their adverse effects by informative and administrative measures.",

keywords = "wood combustion, emissions, particles, climate change, air pollution, puunpoltto, p{\"a}{\"a}st{\"o}t, hiukkaset, ilmastonmuutos, ilmansaasteet, wood combustion, emissions, particles, climate change, air pollution",

author = "Mikko Savolahti",

year = "2020",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-952-60-8965-2",

series = "Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS",

publisher = "Aalto University",

number = "32",

address = "Finland",

school = "Aalto University",

}

TY - BOOK

T1 - Climate and Health Impacts of Residential Wood Combustion in Finland

AU - Savolahti, Mikko

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Elevated fine particle concentrations in ambient air cause significant negative impacts on public health. During the last decades, emissions of fine particle matter have been effectively reduced through legislation, especially in industry and transport. Emissions from residential wood combustion, however, have not been regulated, and wood burning has become the most significant source of particulate emissions in many countries. Wood burning has been viewed as carbon neutral, and thus climate policies have often aimed to increase use of wood, even if the negative health impacts of wood smoke have been acknowledged. In recent years, however, the climate impacts of biomass burning have also received increasing scientific interest, regarding both black carbon emissions and changes in global carbon stocks. It has been shown that wood burning has climate effects that can be of the same magnitude or larger than those of using fossil fuels. This thesis examines the climate and health impacts of residential wood combustion in Finland. In this thesis, an approach for thorough estimation of emissions from Finnish residential wood combustion is presented. In addition, the work examines the effectiveness and costs of selected emission reduction measures. The thesis also presents a method for calculating the regional climate impact of emissions that affect the Earth's radiative forcing. The method is then applied to quantify the climate impact caused by residential wood combustion. Finally, the thesis presents an estimate of the negative health impacts caused by fine particle emissions from residential wood combustion in Finland, based on a chain of modeling steps. The thesis demonstrates that wood combustion is the largest source of emissions of fine particles and black carbon in Finland. In relation to Finland's greenhouse gas emissions and measured particulate concentrations in ambient air, emissions from wood combustion are found to be significant in terms of both climate and health effects. On the other hand, the thesis also shows that it is possible to reduce emissions and their adverse effects by informative and administrative measures.

AB - Elevated fine particle concentrations in ambient air cause significant negative impacts on public health. During the last decades, emissions of fine particle matter have been effectively reduced through legislation, especially in industry and transport. Emissions from residential wood combustion, however, have not been regulated, and wood burning has become the most significant source of particulate emissions in many countries. Wood burning has been viewed as carbon neutral, and thus climate policies have often aimed to increase use of wood, even if the negative health impacts of wood smoke have been acknowledged. In recent years, however, the climate impacts of biomass burning have also received increasing scientific interest, regarding both black carbon emissions and changes in global carbon stocks. It has been shown that wood burning has climate effects that can be of the same magnitude or larger than those of using fossil fuels. This thesis examines the climate and health impacts of residential wood combustion in Finland. In this thesis, an approach for thorough estimation of emissions from Finnish residential wood combustion is presented. In addition, the work examines the effectiveness and costs of selected emission reduction measures. The thesis also presents a method for calculating the regional climate impact of emissions that affect the Earth's radiative forcing. The method is then applied to quantify the climate impact caused by residential wood combustion. Finally, the thesis presents an estimate of the negative health impacts caused by fine particle emissions from residential wood combustion in Finland, based on a chain of modeling steps. The thesis demonstrates that wood combustion is the largest source of emissions of fine particles and black carbon in Finland. In relation to Finland's greenhouse gas emissions and measured particulate concentrations in ambient air, emissions from wood combustion are found to be significant in terms of both climate and health effects. On the other hand, the thesis also shows that it is possible to reduce emissions and their adverse effects by informative and administrative measures.

KW - wood combustion

KW - emissions

KW - particles

KW - climate change

KW - air pollution

KW - puunpoltto

KW - päästöt

KW - hiukkaset

KW - ilmastonmuutos

KW - ilmansaasteet

KW - wood combustion

KW - emissions

KW - particles

KW - climate change

KW - air pollution

M3 - Doctoral Thesis

SN - 978-952-60-8965-2

T3 - Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS

PB - Aalto University

ER -

Climate and Health Impacts of Residential Wood Combustion in Finland

Abstrakti

Tutkimusalat

YK:n kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet

Pääsy asiakirjaan

Sormenjälki

Siteeraa tätä