Business models and supply chain of personalized medical products made by additive manufacturing

In the last years, Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing interest among practitioners in manufacturing personalized medical products. Researchers have consequently aligned to this increasing interest from practice, trying to support the development of AM for personalized medical products. However, researchers are currently overlooking one of the main aspects that would ensure the successful development of AM in the medical sector: the supply chain configuration. Practitioners are left alone configuring their supply, such as centralized or decentralized production, what to insource and what to outsource, etc. Some guidelines to support them in their decisions are hence needed. However, before doing that, it is necessary to understand the possible business models that can be adopted. In this work, we aim to do so. Specifically, we have conducted a narrative literature review, interviews and a workshop. Nine possible business models, three current ones and six future ones were identified. In addition, to describe the different business models, we have also identified their main challenges. The study represents preliminary work necessary to support the development of AM for personalized medical products in terms of business models and supply chain configurations.