TY - JOUR
T1 - A Review of Computational Simulation Methods for a Ship Advancing in Broken Ice
AU - Li, Fang
AU - Huang, Luofeng
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - Apart from breaking level ice, polar ships can interact with broken ice in various scenarios. In recent years, computational simulation models have increasingly been used for the evaluation of ship operability under broken ice conditions, presenting some challenging issues. This paper reviews existing simulation methods used to estimate ship performance and ice loads for ships advancing continuously in broken ice fields. Models for different types of broken ice, including ice floes, ice ridges, brash ice, and sliding ice pieces, are reviewed separately. A ship’s response in broken ice is divided into two categories: resistance, which relates to the overall ship performance, and local loads, which relates to structural safety. This review shows that most existing models are proposed for unbreakable ice particles, which are only applicable to broken ice of small size; most models treat fluid flow with extensive simplification, which does not reflect the influence of a ship’s wake or bow waves, and most models are aimed at resistance estimation, adopting elastic or viscoelastic contact models which do not include ice crushing. As for future work, it is suggested that more effort should be assigned to simulating a ship’s interaction with ice ridges and sliding ice pieces, the modelling of breakable ice floes, and the coupling of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). More attention to the local ice load estimation is also encouraged.
AB - Apart from breaking level ice, polar ships can interact with broken ice in various scenarios. In recent years, computational simulation models have increasingly been used for the evaluation of ship operability under broken ice conditions, presenting some challenging issues. This paper reviews existing simulation methods used to estimate ship performance and ice loads for ships advancing continuously in broken ice fields. Models for different types of broken ice, including ice floes, ice ridges, brash ice, and sliding ice pieces, are reviewed separately. A ship’s response in broken ice is divided into two categories: resistance, which relates to the overall ship performance, and local loads, which relates to structural safety. This review shows that most existing models are proposed for unbreakable ice particles, which are only applicable to broken ice of small size; most models treat fluid flow with extensive simplification, which does not reflect the influence of a ship’s wake or bow waves, and most models are aimed at resistance estimation, adopting elastic or viscoelastic contact models which do not include ice crushing. As for future work, it is suggested that more effort should be assigned to simulating a ship’s interaction with ice ridges and sliding ice pieces, the modelling of breakable ice floes, and the coupling of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). More attention to the local ice load estimation is also encouraged.
KW - Broken ice
KW - Computational simulation
KW - Discrete element method
KW - Ice floe
KW - Ship
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124026739&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/jmse10020165
DO - 10.3390/jmse10020165
M3 - Review Article
AN - SCOPUS:85124026739
SN - 2077-1312
VL - 10
JO - Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
JF - Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
IS - 2
M1 - 165
ER -