A new method to improve operating performance for underground hard rock mining - with new scheduling, controlling and forecasting techniques

Zhen Song

A new method to improve operating performance for underground hard rock mining - with new scheduling, controlling and forecasting techniques

Julkaisun otsikon käännös: Uusi menetelmä maanalaisen kaivoksen tuotannon tehostamiseksi

Zhen Song

Tutkimustuotos: Doctoral Thesis › Collection of Articles

Abstrakti

Maanalaisessa kaivostoiminnassa esiintyy puutteita suunnittelun, tuotannon sekä rikastuksen välillä. Nämä puutteet vaikuttavat merkittävästi kaivostoiminnan kokonaisvaltaiseen suorituskykyyn. Tutkimuksia maanalaisen kaivoksen suorituskyvyn parantamiseksi on kuitenkin julkaistu vain vähän. Maanalaisissa kaivoksissa tuotantokalusto aikataulutetaan usein vaistonomaisesti, ilman teoreettista tukea päätöksille. Tämän lisäksi kaivoksissa sattuvien odottamattomien tapahtumien takia, työnjohtajien on vaikea löytää tehokkaita ratkaisuja nopeasti, uuden optimaalisen aikataulun luomiseksi. Maanalaisen kaivoksen tuotantoa rajoittaa kaivoksen rakenne ja geologia. Maanalaisen kaivoksen eri operaatiot pyritään tavallisesti toteuttamaan sarjassa peräkohtaisesti. Tämän seurauksena yhdenkin operaation pitkittyminen viivästyttää seuraavan operaation alkua ja tämä edelleen koko prosessin valmistumisaikaa. Kaivostoiminnassa malmia varastoidaan maanpäälle varmuusvarastoihin. Tämä takaa rikastamon tarvitseman jatkuvan syötteen ja suojaa tuotantoketjua seisakeilta. Varmuusvarastojen tarve selittyy louhinnan korkeasta epävarmuudesta, sekä ennalta arvaamattomista geologisista olosuhteista. Mahdolliset vajeet malmintuotannossa heikentävät rikastamon tehokkuutta tai jopa pysäyttävät tuotannon. Kaivoksen epäsäännöllinen malmintuotanto voi siten johtaa merkittäviin taloudellisiin tappioihin. Kaivostoiminnalla on piirteitä, jotka vaativat siihen tarkoitukseen räätälöidyn ratkaisun varmuusvarastojen määrittämiseksi.Tässä väitöskirjassa on tutkittu monia kaivos-suunnittelussa ja aikataulutuksessa käytettyjä optimointimenetelmiä. Yllämainittuja ongelmia varten esitellään tekninen ratkaisu auttamaan päätöksenteossa ohjelmiston avulla. Ohjelmiston rakenne ja ohjelmiston käyttämät algoritmit esitellään. Tämä tutkimus esittelee myös uuden lähestymistavan maanalaisen kaivoksen tuotannonohjaukseen. Tämän lisäksi, reaalioptio-menetelmä kehitettiin määrittämään vaadittu malmin varmuusvarastotaso. Esitellyt menetelmät on koestettu käyttäen Kittilän kaivokselta saatuja todellisia parametreja. Tulokset osoittavat, että ehdotetut menetelmät parantavat merkittävästi työtehokkuutta ja samalla minimoivat käytetyn työajan maanalaisissa prosesseissa. Menetelmien avulla pystytään havaitsemaan kriittiset operaatiot sekä arvioimaan operaatioiden valmistumisaika tarkemmin. Tulokset osoittavat myös, että reaalioptio-menetelmä tarjoaa työnjohtajille tarkemman ja perustellun ratkaisun. Tämä toimii myös hyvänä mittarina kaivoksen tulevaisuuden tuotantosuunnittelulle.

Julkaisun otsikon käännös	Uusi menetelmä maanalaisen kaivoksen tuotannon tehostamiseksi
Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Pätevyys	Tohtorintutkinto
Myöntävä instituutio	Aalto-yliopisto
Valvoja/neuvonantaja	Rinne, Mikael, Vastuuprofessori
Kustantaja	Aalto University
Painoksen ISBN	978-952-60-6393-5
Sähköinen ISBN	978-952-60-6394-2
Tila	Julkaistu - 2015
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja

Tutkimusalat

maanalainen kaivos
laitteiston aikataulutus
tuotannonohjaus
varmuusvarasto

Pääsy asiakirjaan

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-6394-2Lisenssi: Määrittelemätön

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@phdthesis{1662baee0af24e9aa7cf00d36edc186c,

title = "A new method to improve operating performance for underground hard rock mining - with new scheduling, controlling and forecasting techniques",

abstract = "In underground mining, there are missing links among mine planning, mining machines and mineral processing. They have significantly affected the overall performance of the entire mining process. There have been quite few studies aiming to improve the mining process of underground mines. In underground mines, mobile mining equipment is mostly scheduled instinctively, without theoretical support for these decisions. Furthermore, in case of unexpected events, it is hard for miners to rapidly find solutions to reschedule and to adapt the changes. Furthermore, the underground mining process is constrained by the geometry and geology of the mine. The various mining operations are normally performed in series at each working face. The delay of a single operation will delay the starting time for the next process and the completion time of the entire process. Moreover, safety stock of mining production is kept to prevent stock-out, due to the existence of high uncertainty in mining operations and various unforeseen geological conditions. Any shortage of ore supply from its mine would cause the insufficient utilization of the mill and financial loss. Mining production has its own features, which require a tailor-made strategy of safety stock. This dissertation has reviewed a wide range of the optimization techniques used in mine planning and scheduling, as well as analyzed other techniques which are used to solve the problems jointly. A technical package of decision support instrument is proposed and described to address the above issues. The software structure, input/output, and related algorithms of scheduling are presented. It also presents a new approach to the process control for underground mining. Additionally, a real options technique was developed to determine the safety stock of mining production. The proposed methods were tested by using real data of the Kittil{\"a} mine located in Finland. The result suggests that the proposed methods can improve the working efficiency and reduce the working time of the underground mining. It shows the critical operations can be detected and the completion time can be estimated more accurately. It also shows that the real options approach can provide miners with a more accurate and reasonable result, and also give a useful indicator for a mine's future production planning.",

keywords = "underground mining, equipment scheduling, production control, safety stock, maanalainen kaivos, laitteiston aikataulutus, tuotannonohjaus, varmuusvarasto, underground mining, equipment scheduling, production control, safety stock",

author = "Zhen Song",

year = "2015",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-952-60-6393-5",

series = "Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS",

publisher = "Aalto University",

number = "141",

address = "Finland",

school = "Aalto University",

}

TY - BOOK

T1 - A new method to improve operating performance for underground hard rock mining - with new scheduling, controlling and forecasting techniques

AU - Song, Zhen

PY - 2015

Y1 - 2015

N2 - In underground mining, there are missing links among mine planning, mining machines and mineral processing. They have significantly affected the overall performance of the entire mining process. There have been quite few studies aiming to improve the mining process of underground mines. In underground mines, mobile mining equipment is mostly scheduled instinctively, without theoretical support for these decisions. Furthermore, in case of unexpected events, it is hard for miners to rapidly find solutions to reschedule and to adapt the changes. Furthermore, the underground mining process is constrained by the geometry and geology of the mine. The various mining operations are normally performed in series at each working face. The delay of a single operation will delay the starting time for the next process and the completion time of the entire process. Moreover, safety stock of mining production is kept to prevent stock-out, due to the existence of high uncertainty in mining operations and various unforeseen geological conditions. Any shortage of ore supply from its mine would cause the insufficient utilization of the mill and financial loss. Mining production has its own features, which require a tailor-made strategy of safety stock. This dissertation has reviewed a wide range of the optimization techniques used in mine planning and scheduling, as well as analyzed other techniques which are used to solve the problems jointly. A technical package of decision support instrument is proposed and described to address the above issues. The software structure, input/output, and related algorithms of scheduling are presented. It also presents a new approach to the process control for underground mining. Additionally, a real options technique was developed to determine the safety stock of mining production. The proposed methods were tested by using real data of the Kittilä mine located in Finland. The result suggests that the proposed methods can improve the working efficiency and reduce the working time of the underground mining. It shows the critical operations can be detected and the completion time can be estimated more accurately. It also shows that the real options approach can provide miners with a more accurate and reasonable result, and also give a useful indicator for a mine's future production planning.

AB - In underground mining, there are missing links among mine planning, mining machines and mineral processing. They have significantly affected the overall performance of the entire mining process. There have been quite few studies aiming to improve the mining process of underground mines. In underground mines, mobile mining equipment is mostly scheduled instinctively, without theoretical support for these decisions. Furthermore, in case of unexpected events, it is hard for miners to rapidly find solutions to reschedule and to adapt the changes. Furthermore, the underground mining process is constrained by the geometry and geology of the mine. The various mining operations are normally performed in series at each working face. The delay of a single operation will delay the starting time for the next process and the completion time of the entire process. Moreover, safety stock of mining production is kept to prevent stock-out, due to the existence of high uncertainty in mining operations and various unforeseen geological conditions. Any shortage of ore supply from its mine would cause the insufficient utilization of the mill and financial loss. Mining production has its own features, which require a tailor-made strategy of safety stock. This dissertation has reviewed a wide range of the optimization techniques used in mine planning and scheduling, as well as analyzed other techniques which are used to solve the problems jointly. A technical package of decision support instrument is proposed and described to address the above issues. The software structure, input/output, and related algorithms of scheduling are presented. It also presents a new approach to the process control for underground mining. Additionally, a real options technique was developed to determine the safety stock of mining production. The proposed methods were tested by using real data of the Kittilä mine located in Finland. The result suggests that the proposed methods can improve the working efficiency and reduce the working time of the underground mining. It shows the critical operations can be detected and the completion time can be estimated more accurately. It also shows that the real options approach can provide miners with a more accurate and reasonable result, and also give a useful indicator for a mine's future production planning.

KW - underground mining

KW - equipment scheduling

KW - production control

KW - safety stock

KW - maanalainen kaivos

KW - laitteiston aikataulutus

KW - tuotannonohjaus

KW - varmuusvarasto

KW - underground mining

KW - equipment scheduling

KW - production control

KW - safety stock

M3 - Doctoral Thesis

SN - 978-952-60-6393-5

T3 - Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS

PB - Aalto University

ER -

A new method to improve operating performance for underground hard rock mining - with new scheduling, controlling and forecasting techniques

Abstrakti

Tutkimusalat

Pääsy asiakirjaan

Sormenjälki

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