Physics & Astronomy
degradation
100%
emitters
55%
silicon
50%
solar cells
38%
cells
37%
carrier lifetime
32%
phosphorus
32%
minority carriers
29%
precipitates
28%
copper
28%
temperature
27%
life (durability)
24%
iron
23%
wafers
23%
kinetics
23%
defects
18%
contamination
14%
transition metals
13%
photoluminescence
11%
soaking
10%
passivity
10%
surface layers
9%
cooling
9%
boron
9%
impurities
9%
industries
9%
occurrences
8%
trends
8%
point defects
7%
synchrotrons
7%
simulation
6%
costs
6%
fluorescence
6%
textures
6%
aluminum oxides
6%
metals
5%
performance
5%
Engineering & Materials Science
Silicon
81%
Degradation
69%
Silicon solar cells
50%
Precipitates
34%
Iron
29%
Contamination
28%
Copper
27%
Temperature
26%
Carrier lifetime
26%
Photoluminescence
25%
Transition metals
24%
Solar cells
22%
Passivation
13%
Point defects
12%
Synchrotrons
11%
Fluorescence
9%
Substrates
8%
X rays
7%
Aluminum oxide
7%
Textures
5%
Chemical Compounds
Solar Cell
75%
Black
29%
Dissolution
24%
Transition Element
24%
Crystal Point Defect
21%
Strength
21%
Short Circuit
17%
Metal
14%
Industry
12%
Current Density
12%
Fluorescence
9%
Amount
7%
Photoluminescence
6%
Surface
5%