First-order correction model for level ice resistance of a wind farm

This MATLAB script include an implementation of a first order correction model for level ice resistance of a wind farm described in Polojärvi et al. (2025). The model assumes a wind farm arranged as an n×n array of wind turbines on a Cartesian grid with a unit square side length L. The entire farm is initially assumed to be enveloped by ice, and the total initial ice resistance is given by R=(n×n)Ri, where Ri is the resistance of wind turbine i (defined by using DEM simulations). The influence of turbine wakes is incorporated by considering the drift angle α; depending on this angle, wakes may interact with other turbines and lead to a reduction in total ice resistance. The magnitude and probability of this resistance reduction are determined using a function φ∗ described in Polojärvi et al. (2025). Modifying the script to include more complex wind farm geometries should be straightforward.

We acknowledge the funding from the European Union – NextGenerationEU instrument through Academy of Finland under grant number (348586) WindySea - Modelling engine to design, assess environmental impacts, and operate wind farms for ice-covered waters. Also we thank the supported by the NOCOS DT project, funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. Model was partly created under WINDRIFT project, awarded by the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency and funded by the European Union through the CEF Infrastructure Project WINMOS III (101122620).