Water Dimer-Driven DNA Base Superstructure with Mismatched Hydrogen Bonding

The existence of water dimers in equilibrium water vapor at room temperature and their anomalous properties revealed by recent studies suggest the benchmark role of water dimers in both experiment and theory. However, there has been a limited observation of individual water dimers due to the challenge of water separation and generation at the single-molecule level. Here, we achieve real-space imaging of individual confined water dimers embedded inside a self-assembled layer of a DNA base, adenine, on Ag(111). The hydration of the adenine layers by these water dimers causes a local surface chiral inversion in such a way that the neighboring homochiral adenine molecules become heterochiral after hydration, resulting in a mismatched hydrogen-bond pattern between neighboring adenine molecules. Furthermore, the mutual influence between the adenine superstructure and these dynamic confined water dimers is corroborated by theoretical simulation and calculations. The observation of single confined water dimers offers an unprecedented approach to studying the fundamental forms of water clusters and their interaction with the local chemical environment.