Unravelling the potential role of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanosystems in skin cancer therapy

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancer types affecting a major portion of the world's population, particularly in fair-skinned populations. Broadly, skin cancer is categorized into two major forms, carcinoma and melanoma, based on their physiological conditions. Skin carcinoma, but more particularly melanoma, remains a significant global health concern, with increasing incidence rates observed across various demographics. While traditional approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy remain cornerstones of treatment, latest developments in skin cancer treatment encompass novel therapeutic modalities, targeted drug delivery systems, and personalized approaches to patient care. Polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanosystems have emerged as a promising avenue for personalized cancer immunotherapy and also as a potential targeted therapeutic approach to combat skin cancer. PEI is a highly cationic polymer that has garnered significant interest in the field of nanomedicine for its potential in delivering therapeutic agents, including nucleic acids and small molecules, specifically to cancer cells. In this review, we discuss and summarize the challenges associated with PEI and strategies for its modification, PEI as a potential therapeutic carrier, skin cancer types and pathogenesis, and the potential role PEI-based nanosystems play in effective skin cancer management.