Unbalanced distribution power-flow model and analysis of wind turbine generating systems

The paper presents an unbalanced three-phase power-flow model for wind turbine generating systems (WTGSs). The model takes into account voltage unbalance factor which exists at the point of common coupling. The developed model is integrated with the unbalanced forward/backward sweep power-flow method. The model comprises of three main components: they are the wind turbine, induction generator, and interface transformer to the grid. Due to their design symmetry, the generator and the transformer are modeled using symmetrical sequence networks. The results show that the developed model has robust convergence characteristics. The solution of the IEEE unbalanced radial feeders shows that the injected powers per phase due to the WTGS are not equal and strongly dependent on the voltage unbalance factor. The results also show that the simplified models based on positive sequence network lead to inaccurate overall power-flow solution.