TY - JOUR
T1 - Toxicity Identification and Evolution Mechanism of Thermolysis-Driven Gas Emissions from Cathodes of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
AU - Chen, Yongming
AU - Liu, Nannan
AU - Jie, Yafei
AU - Hu, Fang
AU - Li, Yun
AU - Wilson, Benjamin P.
AU - Xi, Yan
AU - Lai, Yanqing
AU - Yang, Shenghai
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) typically contain a combination of both strategic materials and toxic chemicals that cannot be easily disposed. Nowadays, that are many different methods used to treat spent LIBs with the primary aim of critical metals recovery; nevertheless, as a result of the toxic chemicals within the battery waste, the chemical composition and potential danger of the off-gases generated during recycling process have become a serious concern. In an attempt to further understand the characteristics of the off-gases that are emitted from spent LIBs cathodes during thermolysis process, a system of thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry equipped with skimmer-type interface and with electron ionization (TG-DSC-EI-MS) has been employed to qualitatively analyze the generated off-gases. Based on the obtained observations, it was confirmed that inorganic gases of H2, H2O, CO2, gaseous hydrocarbons, and fluoride-containing gases were generated. Moreover, the off-gas species and relative yield of the individual gases formed were found to be significantly affected by the thermolysis temperature under different atmospheric conditions. From the combined results from TG-DSC-EI-MS, thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry analysis (TG-DSC), chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the correlation between the evolution characteristics of the gas emissions and thermolysis behavior of the cathodes from spent LIBs has been established. The availability of this type of quantitative data is useful when undertaking environmental assessments and for the design of off-gas management systems for spent LIBs recycling processes.
AB - Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) typically contain a combination of both strategic materials and toxic chemicals that cannot be easily disposed. Nowadays, that are many different methods used to treat spent LIBs with the primary aim of critical metals recovery; nevertheless, as a result of the toxic chemicals within the battery waste, the chemical composition and potential danger of the off-gases generated during recycling process have become a serious concern. In an attempt to further understand the characteristics of the off-gases that are emitted from spent LIBs cathodes during thermolysis process, a system of thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry equipped with skimmer-type interface and with electron ionization (TG-DSC-EI-MS) has been employed to qualitatively analyze the generated off-gases. Based on the obtained observations, it was confirmed that inorganic gases of H2, H2O, CO2, gaseous hydrocarbons, and fluoride-containing gases were generated. Moreover, the off-gas species and relative yield of the individual gases formed were found to be significantly affected by the thermolysis temperature under different atmospheric conditions. From the combined results from TG-DSC-EI-MS, thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry analysis (TG-DSC), chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the correlation between the evolution characteristics of the gas emissions and thermolysis behavior of the cathodes from spent LIBs has been established. The availability of this type of quantitative data is useful when undertaking environmental assessments and for the design of off-gas management systems for spent LIBs recycling processes.
KW - Evolution mechanism
KW - Lithium-ion batteries wastes
KW - TG-DSC-EI-MS
KW - Thermolysis
KW - Toxic gas emission
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074775134&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03739
DO - 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03739
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85074775134
VL - 22
SP - 18228
EP - 18235
JO - ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
JF - ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
SN - 2168-0485
IS - 7
ER -
