The Effect of Wind on Tree Stem Parameter Estimation Using Terrestial Laser Scanning

Matti Vaaja, Juho-Pekka Virtanen, Matti Kurkela, Ville Lehtola, Juha Hyyppä, Hannu Hyyppä

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Abstract

The 3D measurement technique of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in forest inventories has shown great potential for improving the accuracy and efficiency of both individual tree and plot level data collection. However, the effect of wind has been poorly estimated in the error analysis of TLS tree measurements although it causes varying deformations to the trees. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of wind on tree stem parameter estimation at different heights using TLS. The data consists of one measured Scots pine captured from three different scanning directions with two different scanning resolutions, 6.3 mm and 3.1 mm at 10 m. The measurements were conducted under two different wind speeds, approximately 3 m/s and 9 m/s, as recorded by a nearby weather station of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Our results show that the wind may cause both the underestimation and overestimation of tree diameter when using TLS. The duration of the scanning is found to have an impact for the measured shape of the tree stem under 9 m/s wind conditions. The results also indicate that a 9 m/s wind does not have a significant effect on the stem parameters of the lower part of a tree (<28% of the tree height). However, as the results imply, the wind conditions should be taken into account more comprehensively in analysis of TLS tree measurements, especially if multiple scans from different positions are registered together. In addition, TLS could potentially be applied to indirectly measure wind speed by observing the tree stem movement.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume III-8, 2016
PublisherInternational Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS)
Pages117-122
Number of pages6
VolumeVolume III-8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 7 Jun 2016
MoE publication typeA4 Conference publication
EventInternational Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Workshop on Laser Scanning - Prague, Czech Republic
Duration: 12 Jul 201619 Jul 2016
Conference number: 22

Publication series

NameISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
PublisherCopernicus GmbH
Number8
Volume3
ISSN (Print)2194-9042
ISSN (Electronic)2194-9050

Workshop

WorkshopInternational Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Workshop on Laser Scanning
Abbreviated titleISPRS
Country/TerritoryCzech Republic
CityPrague
Period12/07/201619/07/2016

Keywords

  • terrestrial laser scanning
  • wind
  • tree reconstruction
  • stem diameter
  • stem location
  • pine

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