Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO                         
                        4
                                                 -Fe                         
                        3
                                                 O                         
                        4
                                                 -Na                         
                        2
                                                 CO                         
                        3
                                                 -C System

Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Yuejun Wang; Ari Jokilaakso

doi:10.1007/s11837-019-03529-1

Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO ₄ -Fe ₃ O ₄ -Na ₂ CO ₃ -C System

Yun Li, Shenghai Yang, Pekka Taskinen, Jing He, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Yuejun Wang, Ari Jokilaakso^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

141 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

An innovative and environmentally friendly lead-acid battery paste recycling method is proposed. The reductive sulfur-fixing recycling technique was used to simultaneously extract lead and immobilize sulfur. SO ₂ emissions and pollution were significantly eliminated. In this work, the detailed lead extraction and sulfur-fixing mechanisms in the PbSO ₄ -Fe ₃ O ₄ -Na ₂ CO ₃ -C system were investigated thermodynamically and experimentally, and the phase transformation and microstructural evolution processes characterized. In addition, a series of bench-scale pilot experiments were carried out to confirm the feasibility of the technique. The results show that the lead extraction and sulfur-fixing reactions followed the shrinking unreacted-core model. The recycling products were separated into three distinct layers: slag, matte, and crude lead bullion. Primary recoveries of 96.2% for lead and 98.9% for sulfur were obtained. The purity of the crude lead bullion was 98.6 wt.%. Sulfur was fixed in the solidified matte as FeS and NaFeS ₂ .

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2368-2379
Number of pages	12
Journal	JOM
Volume	71
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03529-1
Publication status	Published - 15 Jul 2019
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

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10.1007/s11837-019-03529-1

CHEM_Li, Y et al_Spent lead-acid battery_2019_JOMFinal published version, 6.89 MBLicence: CC BY

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Li, Y., Yang, S., Taskinen, P., He, J., Chen, Y., Tang, C., Wang, Y., & Jokilaakso, A. (2019). Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO ₄ -Fe ₃ O ₄ -Na ₂ CO ₃ -C System. JOM, 71(7), 2368-2379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03529-1

Li, Yun ; Yang, Shenghai ; Taskinen, Pekka ; He, Jing ; Chen, Yongming ; Tang, Chaobo ; Wang, Yuejun ; Jokilaakso, Ari. / Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO ₄ -Fe ₃ O ₄ -Na ₂ CO ₃ -C System. In: JOM. 2019 ; Vol. 71, No. 7. pp. 2368-2379.

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title = "Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C System",

abstract = " An innovative and environmentally friendly lead-acid battery paste recycling method is proposed. The reductive sulfur-fixing recycling technique was used to simultaneously extract lead and immobilize sulfur. SO 2 emissions and pollution were significantly eliminated. In this work, the detailed lead extraction and sulfur-fixing mechanisms in the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C system were investigated thermodynamically and experimentally, and the phase transformation and microstructural evolution processes characterized. In addition, a series of bench-scale pilot experiments were carried out to confirm the feasibility of the technique. The results show that the lead extraction and sulfur-fixing reactions followed the shrinking unreacted-core model. The recycling products were separated into three distinct layers: slag, matte, and crude lead bullion. Primary recoveries of 96.2% for lead and 98.9% for sulfur were obtained. The purity of the crude lead bullion was 98.6 wt.%. Sulfur was fixed in the solidified matte as FeS and NaFeS 2 . ",

author = "Yun Li and Shenghai Yang and Pekka Taskinen and Jing He and Yongming Chen and Chaobo Tang and Yuejun Wang and Ari Jokilaakso",

year = "2019",

month = jul,

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doi = "10.1007/s11837-019-03529-1",

language = "English",

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Li, Y, Yang, S, Taskinen, P, He, J, Chen, Y, Tang, C, Wang, Y & Jokilaakso, A 2019, 'Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO ₄ -Fe ₃ O ₄ -Na ₂ CO ₃ -C System', JOM, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 2368-2379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03529-1

Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO ₄ -Fe ₃ O ₄ -Na ₂ CO ₃ -C System. / Li, Yun; Yang, Shenghai; Taskinen, Pekka; He, Jing; Chen, Yongming; Tang, Chaobo; Wang, Yuejun; Jokilaakso, Ari.

In: JOM, Vol. 71, No. 7, 15.07.2019, p. 2368-2379.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C System

AU - Li, Yun

AU - Yang, Shenghai

AU - Taskinen, Pekka

AU - He, Jing

AU - Chen, Yongming

AU - Tang, Chaobo

AU - Wang, Yuejun

AU - Jokilaakso, Ari

PY - 2019/7/15

Y1 - 2019/7/15

N2 - An innovative and environmentally friendly lead-acid battery paste recycling method is proposed. The reductive sulfur-fixing recycling technique was used to simultaneously extract lead and immobilize sulfur. SO 2 emissions and pollution were significantly eliminated. In this work, the detailed lead extraction and sulfur-fixing mechanisms in the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C system were investigated thermodynamically and experimentally, and the phase transformation and microstructural evolution processes characterized. In addition, a series of bench-scale pilot experiments were carried out to confirm the feasibility of the technique. The results show that the lead extraction and sulfur-fixing reactions followed the shrinking unreacted-core model. The recycling products were separated into three distinct layers: slag, matte, and crude lead bullion. Primary recoveries of 96.2% for lead and 98.9% for sulfur were obtained. The purity of the crude lead bullion was 98.6 wt.%. Sulfur was fixed in the solidified matte as FeS and NaFeS 2 .

AB - An innovative and environmentally friendly lead-acid battery paste recycling method is proposed. The reductive sulfur-fixing recycling technique was used to simultaneously extract lead and immobilize sulfur. SO 2 emissions and pollution were significantly eliminated. In this work, the detailed lead extraction and sulfur-fixing mechanisms in the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C system were investigated thermodynamically and experimentally, and the phase transformation and microstructural evolution processes characterized. In addition, a series of bench-scale pilot experiments were carried out to confirm the feasibility of the technique. The results show that the lead extraction and sulfur-fixing reactions followed the shrinking unreacted-core model. The recycling products were separated into three distinct layers: slag, matte, and crude lead bullion. Primary recoveries of 96.2% for lead and 98.9% for sulfur were obtained. The purity of the crude lead bullion was 98.6 wt.%. Sulfur was fixed in the solidified matte as FeS and NaFeS 2 .

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VL - 71

SP - 2368

EP - 2379

JO - JOM

JF - JOM

SN - 1047-4838

IS - 7

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Li Y, Yang S, Taskinen P, He J, Chen Y, Tang C et al. Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO ₄ -Fe ₃ O ₄ -Na ₂ CO ₃ -C System. JOM. 2019 Jul 15;71(7):2368-2379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03529-1

Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO ₄ -Fe ₃ O ₄ -Na ₂ CO ₃ -C System

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Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C System

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Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO ₄ -Fe ₃ O ₄ -Na ₂ CO ₃ -C System