TY - JOUR
T1 - Self-sensing metallic material based on PZT particles produced by friction stir processing envisaging structural health monitoring applications
AU - Ferreira, Pedro M.
AU - Machado, Miguel A.
AU - Carvalho, Marta S.
AU - Vilaça, Pedro
AU - Sorger, Gonçalo
AU - Pinto, Joana Vaz
AU - Deuermeier, Jonas
AU - Vidal, Catarina
N1 - Funding Information:
The PMF, MAM, MSC and CA acknowledge FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for its financial support via the project UIDB/00667/2020 and UIDP/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI). PMF also acknowledges FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for funding the PhD grant UI/BD/151055/2021. JD and JVP acknowledge national funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the projects LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020 and UIDB/50025/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication – i3N. The authors would like also to thank to Micronsense-Metrologia Industrial (Leiria, Portugal) for the μCT analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/11
Y1 - 2023/11
N2 - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of metal parts is becoming increasingly important in structural applications. However, embedding real-time sensors such as fibre Bragg gratings and piezoceramics can negatively impact the mechanical properties of the hosting metal part. To address this issue, a new Self-Sensing Material (SSM) based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) micro-particles has been developed. Through Friction Stir Processing, PZT micro-particles were embedded in aluminium parts, and their impact on the metal parts electrical and mechanical properties was assessed. Another approach was to embed barium titanate (BT) micro-particles in metal parts. The impact of PZT particles in aluminium parts was compared to SSM based on BT particles in this study. The SSM based on PZT particles showed a higher sensitivity than the SSM based on BT particles and processed aluminium. The inclusion of PZT particles improved the mechanical strength and decreased the electrical conductivity of the aluminium parts. The SSM based on PZT particles had a sensibility of 18.0×10−4μV/MPa and could detect solicitations with different frequencies, with the best performance observed under low-frequency solicitations. Additionally, EBSD, EDS, XRD and XPS analysis confirmed the existence of the PZT particles in aluminium parts. These results are promising and guarantee an increase in sensorial properties and the ability to self-monitor metal parts.
AB - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of metal parts is becoming increasingly important in structural applications. However, embedding real-time sensors such as fibre Bragg gratings and piezoceramics can negatively impact the mechanical properties of the hosting metal part. To address this issue, a new Self-Sensing Material (SSM) based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) micro-particles has been developed. Through Friction Stir Processing, PZT micro-particles were embedded in aluminium parts, and their impact on the metal parts electrical and mechanical properties was assessed. Another approach was to embed barium titanate (BT) micro-particles in metal parts. The impact of PZT particles in aluminium parts was compared to SSM based on BT particles in this study. The SSM based on PZT particles showed a higher sensitivity than the SSM based on BT particles and processed aluminium. The inclusion of PZT particles improved the mechanical strength and decreased the electrical conductivity of the aluminium parts. The SSM based on PZT particles had a sensibility of 18.0×10−4μV/MPa and could detect solicitations with different frequencies, with the best performance observed under low-frequency solicitations. Additionally, EBSD, EDS, XRD and XPS analysis confirmed the existence of the PZT particles in aluminium parts. These results are promising and guarantee an increase in sensorial properties and the ability to self-monitor metal parts.
KW - Friction stir processing
KW - Lead Zirconate Titanate
KW - Piezoelectric particles
KW - Self-sensing materials
KW - Structural health monitoring
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85173501555&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113371
DO - 10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113371
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85173501555
SN - 1044-5803
VL - 205
JO - Materials Characterization
JF - Materials Characterization
M1 - 113371
ER -