Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data

Joseph Farah; Peter Galison; Kazunori Akiyama; Katherine L. Bouman; Geoffrey C. Bower; Andrew Chael; Antonio Fuentes; José L. Gómez; Mareki Honma; Michael D. Johnson; Yutaro Kofuji; Daniel P. Marrone; Kotaro Moriyama; Ramesh Narayan; Dominic W. Pesce; Paul Tiede; Maciek Wielgus; Guang Yao Zhao; Antxon Alberdi; Walter Alef; Juan Carlos Algaba; Richard Anantua; Keiichi Asada; Rebecca Azulay; Anne Kathrin Baczko; David Ball; Mislav Baloković; John Barrett; Bradford A. Benson; Dan Bintley; Lindy Blackburn; Raymond Blundell; Wilfred Boland; Hope Boyce; Michael Bremer; Christiaan D. Brinkerink; Roger Brissenden; Silke Britzen; Avery E. Broderick; Dominique Broguiere; Thomas Bronzwaer; Sandra Bustamente; Do Young Byun; John E. Carlstrom; Chi Kwan Chan; Koushik Chatterjee; Dong Jin Kim; Venkatessh Ramakrishnan; Tuomas Savolainen; Jan Wagner; Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac6615

Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data

Joseph Farah^*, Peter Galison, Kazunori Akiyama, Katherine L. Bouman, Geoffrey C. Bower, Andrew Chael, Antonio Fuentes, José L. Gómez, Mareki Honma, Michael D. Johnson, Yutaro Kofuji, Daniel P. Marrone, Kotaro Moriyama, Ramesh Narayan, Dominic W. Pesce, Paul Tiede, Maciek Wielgus, Guang Yao Zhao, Antxon Alberdi, Walter AlefJuan Carlos Algaba, Richard Anantua, Keiichi Asada, Rebecca Azulay, Anne Kathrin Baczko, David Ball, Mislav Baloković, John Barrett, Bradford A. Benson, Dan Bintley, Lindy Blackburn, Raymond Blundell, Wilfred Boland, Hope Boyce, Michael Bremer, Christiaan D. Brinkerink, Roger Brissenden, Silke Britzen, Avery E. Broderick, Dominique Broguiere, Thomas Bronzwaer, Sandra Bustamente, Do Young Byun, John E. Carlstrom, Chi Kwan Chan, Koushik Chatterjee, Dong Jin Kim, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan, Tuomas Savolainen, Jan Wagner, Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

Recent developments in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) have made it possible for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to resolve the innermost accretion flows of the largest supermassive black holes on the sky. The sparse nature of the EHT's (u, v)-coverage presents a challenge when attempting to resolve highly time-variable sources. We demonstrate that the changing (u, v)-coverage of the EHT can contain regions of time over the course of a single observation that facilitate dynamical imaging. These optimal time regions typically have projected baseline distributions that are approximately angularly isotropic and radially homogeneous. We derive a metric of coverage quality based on baseline isotropy and density that is capable of ranking array configurations by their ability to produce accurate dynamical reconstructions. We compare this metric to existing metrics in the literature and investigate their utility by performing dynamical reconstructions on synthetic data from simulated EHT observations of sources with simple orbital variability. We then use these results to make recommendations for imaging the 2017 EHT Sgr A^* data set.

Original language	English
Article number	L18
Pages (from-to)	1-21
Number of pages	21
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	930
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6615
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2022
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

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10.3847/2041-8213/ac6615Licence: CC BY

Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric DataFinal published version, 11.3 MBLicence: CC BY

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Farah, J., Galison, P., Akiyama, K., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Chael, A., Fuentes, A., Gómez, J. L., Honma, M., Johnson, M. D., Kofuji, Y., Marrone, D. P., Moriyama, K., Narayan, R., Pesce, D. W., Tiede, P., Wielgus, M., Zhao, G. Y., Alberdi, A., ... Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (2022). Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 930(2), 1-21. Article L18. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6615

@article{4345becb6d3348b48c78cad88ab159ee,

title = "Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data",

abstract = "Recent developments in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) have made it possible for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to resolve the innermost accretion flows of the largest supermassive black holes on the sky. The sparse nature of the EHT's (u, v)-coverage presents a challenge when attempting to resolve highly time-variable sources. We demonstrate that the changing (u, v)-coverage of the EHT can contain regions of time over the course of a single observation that facilitate dynamical imaging. These optimal time regions typically have projected baseline distributions that are approximately angularly isotropic and radially homogeneous. We derive a metric of coverage quality based on baseline isotropy and density that is capable of ranking array configurations by their ability to produce accurate dynamical reconstructions. We compare this metric to existing metrics in the literature and investigate their utility by performing dynamical reconstructions on synthetic data from simulated EHT observations of sources with simple orbital variability. We then use these results to make recommendations for imaging the 2017 EHT Sgr A* data set.",

author = "Joseph Farah and Peter Galison and Kazunori Akiyama and Bouman, {Katherine L.} and Bower, {Geoffrey C.} and Andrew Chael and Antonio Fuentes and G{\'o}mez, {Jos{\'e} L.} and Mareki Honma and Johnson, {Michael D.} and Yutaro Kofuji and Marrone, {Daniel P.} and Kotaro Moriyama and Ramesh Narayan and Pesce, {Dominic W.} and Paul Tiede and Maciek Wielgus and Zhao, {Guang Yao} and Antxon Alberdi and Walter Alef and Algaba, {Juan Carlos} and Richard Anantua and Keiichi Asada and Rebecca Azulay and Baczko, {Anne Kathrin} and David Ball and Mislav Balokovi{\'c} and John Barrett and Benson, {Bradford A.} and Dan Bintley and Lindy Blackburn and Raymond Blundell and Wilfred Boland and Hope Boyce and Michael Bremer and Brinkerink, {Christiaan D.} and Roger Brissenden and Silke Britzen and Broderick, {Avery E.} and Dominique Broguiere and Thomas Bronzwaer and Sandra Bustamente and Byun, {Do Young} and Carlstrom, {John E.} and Chan, {Chi Kwan} and Koushik Chatterjee and Kim, {Dong Jin} and Venkatessh Ramakrishnan and Tuomas Savolainen and Jan Wagner and {Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank the National Science Foundation (awards OISE-1743747, AST-1816420, AST-1716536, AST-1440254, AST-1935980) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-5278) for financial support of this work. This work was supported in part by the Black Hole Initiative, which is funded by grants from the John Templeton Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to Harvard University. Support for this work was also provided by the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51431.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s)",

year = "2022",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/ac6615",

language = "English",

volume = "930",

pages = "1--21",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "Institute of Physics Publishing ",

number = "2",

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Farah, J, Galison, P, Akiyama, K, Bouman, KL, Bower, GC, Chael, A, Fuentes, A, Gómez, JL, Honma, M, Johnson, MD, Kofuji, Y, Marrone, DP, Moriyama, K, Narayan, R, Pesce, DW, Tiede, P, Wielgus, M, Zhao, GY, Alberdi, A, Alef, W, Algaba, JC, Anantua, R, Asada, K, Azulay, R, Baczko, AK, Ball, D, Baloković, M, Barrett, J, Benson, BA, Bintley, D, Blackburn, L, Blundell, R, Boland, W, Boyce, H, Bremer, M, Brinkerink, CD, Brissenden, R, Britzen, S, Broderick, AE, Broguiere, D, Bronzwaer, T, Bustamente, S, Byun, DY, Carlstrom, JE, Chan, CK, Chatterjee, K, Kim, DJ, Ramakrishnan, V , Savolainen, T, Wagner, J & Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration 2022, 'Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 930, no. 2, L18, pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6615

TY - JOUR

T1 - Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data

AU - Farah, Joseph

AU - Galison, Peter

AU - Akiyama, Kazunori

AU - Bouman, Katherine L.

AU - Bower, Geoffrey C.

AU - Chael, Andrew

AU - Fuentes, Antonio

AU - Gómez, José L.

AU - Honma, Mareki

AU - Johnson, Michael D.

AU - Kofuji, Yutaro

AU - Marrone, Daniel P.

AU - Moriyama, Kotaro

AU - Narayan, Ramesh

AU - Pesce, Dominic W.

AU - Tiede, Paul

AU - Wielgus, Maciek

AU - Zhao, Guang Yao

AU - Alberdi, Antxon

AU - Alef, Walter

AU - Algaba, Juan Carlos

AU - Anantua, Richard

AU - Asada, Keiichi

AU - Azulay, Rebecca

AU - Baczko, Anne Kathrin

AU - Ball, David

AU - Baloković, Mislav

AU - Barrett, John

AU - Benson, Bradford A.

AU - Bintley, Dan

AU - Blackburn, Lindy

AU - Blundell, Raymond

AU - Boland, Wilfred

AU - Boyce, Hope

AU - Bremer, Michael

AU - Brinkerink, Christiaan D.

AU - Brissenden, Roger

AU - Britzen, Silke

AU - Broderick, Avery E.

AU - Broguiere, Dominique

AU - Bronzwaer, Thomas

AU - Bustamente, Sandra

AU - Byun, Do Young

AU - Carlstrom, John E.

AU - Chan, Chi Kwan

AU - Chatterjee, Koushik

AU - Kim, Dong Jin

AU - Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh

AU - Savolainen, Tuomas

AU - Wagner, Jan

AU - Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

N1 - Funding Information: We thank the National Science Foundation (awards OISE-1743747, AST-1816420, AST-1716536, AST-1440254, AST-1935980) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-5278) for financial support of this work. This work was supported in part by the Black Hole Initiative, which is funded by grants from the John Templeton Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to Harvard University. Support for this work was also provided by the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51431.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. Publisher Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s)

PY - 2022/5/1

Y1 - 2022/5/1

N2 - Recent developments in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) have made it possible for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to resolve the innermost accretion flows of the largest supermassive black holes on the sky. The sparse nature of the EHT's (u, v)-coverage presents a challenge when attempting to resolve highly time-variable sources. We demonstrate that the changing (u, v)-coverage of the EHT can contain regions of time over the course of a single observation that facilitate dynamical imaging. These optimal time regions typically have projected baseline distributions that are approximately angularly isotropic and radially homogeneous. We derive a metric of coverage quality based on baseline isotropy and density that is capable of ranking array configurations by their ability to produce accurate dynamical reconstructions. We compare this metric to existing metrics in the literature and investigate their utility by performing dynamical reconstructions on synthetic data from simulated EHT observations of sources with simple orbital variability. We then use these results to make recommendations for imaging the 2017 EHT Sgr A* data set.

AB - Recent developments in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) have made it possible for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to resolve the innermost accretion flows of the largest supermassive black holes on the sky. The sparse nature of the EHT's (u, v)-coverage presents a challenge when attempting to resolve highly time-variable sources. We demonstrate that the changing (u, v)-coverage of the EHT can contain regions of time over the course of a single observation that facilitate dynamical imaging. These optimal time regions typically have projected baseline distributions that are approximately angularly isotropic and radially homogeneous. We derive a metric of coverage quality based on baseline isotropy and density that is capable of ranking array configurations by their ability to produce accurate dynamical reconstructions. We compare this metric to existing metrics in the literature and investigate their utility by performing dynamical reconstructions on synthetic data from simulated EHT observations of sources with simple orbital variability. We then use these results to make recommendations for imaging the 2017 EHT Sgr A* data set.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130725214&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6615

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6615

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85130725214

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 930

SP - 1

EP - 21

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 2

M1 - L18

ER -

Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data

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Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data

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