TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of Immunological Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Disease and Associated Pathways
AU - Aasarey, Ram
AU - Yadav, Kajal
AU - Kashyap, Brijendra Kumar
AU - Prabha, Sarit
AU - Kumar, Pramod
AU - Kumar, Anil
AU - Ruokolainen, Janne
AU - Kesari, Kavindra Kumar
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
PY - 2023/12/8
Y1 - 2023/12/8
N2 - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the predominant causes of cancer-related mortality across the globe. It is attributed to obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and infection by the hepatitis virus. Early diagnosis of HCC is essential, and local treatments such as surgical excision and percutaneous ablation are effective. Palliative systemic therapy, primarily with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib, is used in advanced cases. However, the prognosis for advanced HCC remains poor. This Review additionally describes the pathophysiological mechanisms of HCC, which include aberrant molecular signaling, genomic instability, persistent inflammation, and the paradoxical position of the immune system in promoting and suppressing HCC. The paper concludes by discussing the growing body of research on the relationship between mitochondria and HCC, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the progression of HCC. This Review focuses on immunological interactions between different mechanisms of HCC progression, including obesity, viral infection, and alcohol consumption.
AB - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the predominant causes of cancer-related mortality across the globe. It is attributed to obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and infection by the hepatitis virus. Early diagnosis of HCC is essential, and local treatments such as surgical excision and percutaneous ablation are effective. Palliative systemic therapy, primarily with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib, is used in advanced cases. However, the prognosis for advanced HCC remains poor. This Review additionally describes the pathophysiological mechanisms of HCC, which include aberrant molecular signaling, genomic instability, persistent inflammation, and the paradoxical position of the immune system in promoting and suppressing HCC. The paper concludes by discussing the growing body of research on the relationship between mitochondria and HCC, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the progression of HCC. This Review focuses on immunological interactions between different mechanisms of HCC progression, including obesity, viral infection, and alcohol consumption.
KW - Cirrhosis
KW - HBV
KW - HCV
KW - Hepatocellular carcinoma
KW - NAFLD
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85178121891&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00216
DO - 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00216
M3 - Review Article
AN - SCOPUS:85178121891
SN - 2575-9108
VL - 6
SP - 1801
EP - 1816
JO - ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science
JF - ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science
IS - 12
ER -