Role of Immunological Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Disease and Associated Pathways

Ram Aasarey, Kajal Yadav, Brijendra Kumar Kashyap*, Sarit Prabha, Pramod Kumar, Anil Kumar, Janne Ruokolainen, Kavindra Kumar Kesari*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview Articlepeer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)
29 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the predominant causes of cancer-related mortality across the globe. It is attributed to obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and infection by the hepatitis virus. Early diagnosis of HCC is essential, and local treatments such as surgical excision and percutaneous ablation are effective. Palliative systemic therapy, primarily with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib, is used in advanced cases. However, the prognosis for advanced HCC remains poor. This Review additionally describes the pathophysiological mechanisms of HCC, which include aberrant molecular signaling, genomic instability, persistent inflammation, and the paradoxical position of the immune system in promoting and suppressing HCC. The paper concludes by discussing the growing body of research on the relationship between mitochondria and HCC, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the progression of HCC. This Review focuses on immunological interactions between different mechanisms of HCC progression, including obesity, viral infection, and alcohol consumption.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1801-1816
Number of pages16
JournalACS Pharmacology and Translational Science
Volume6
Issue number12
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 8 Dec 2023
MoE publication typeA2 Review article, Literature review, Systematic review

Keywords

  • Cirrhosis
  • HBV
  • HCV
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • NAFLD

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