Retracted article: Fabrication of the cross-linked PVA/TiO2/C nanocomposite membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

Faiz Khalid; Aashis S. Roy; Ameena Parveen; Roberto Castro-Muñoz

doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2023.116929

Retracted article: Fabrication of the cross-linked PVA/TiO₂/C nanocomposite membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

Faiz Khalid
, Aashis S. Roy^*
, Ameena Parveen
, Roberto Castro-Muñoz

^*Corresponding author for this work

S. S. Tegnoor Degree College
Government Degree College
Gdańsk University of Technology
Tecnológico de Monterrey

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

26 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) based composite membrane was developed through a phase inversion process for use in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFCs). The titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) have been incorporated into the PVA polymer matrix to improve the mechanical and thermal properties. The membrane samples were further modified with maleic acid, a carboxylic acid acting as the cross-linker, under controlled temperature and time conditions to enhance electrochemical properties. The mechanical strength and thermal stability of membranes were determined using a Universal testing machine (UTM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the crystallographic and morphological features were examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The proton conductivity (σ), methanol permeability, and water uptake (%) were also assessed. The XRD curves, SEM images, and TGA trends confirmed the successful cross-linking of maleic acid, uniform dispersion of nanoparticles (NPs), and excellent thermal stability in the crosslinked PVA-TiO₂-C membrane. This sample also exhibited the highest tensile strength (163 MPa), and lower permeability (45000 Ss/cm³). Moreover, the ionic conductivity was obtained in the order of 10⁻² S/cm. These combined characteristics position the cross-linked PVA-TiO₂-C membrane as a promising candidate for application in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFCs).

Original language	English
Article number	116929
Number of pages	8
Journal	Materials Science and Engineering B: Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials
Volume	299
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2023.116929
Publication status	Published - Jan 2024
MoE publication type	Not Eligible

Funding

The author would like to thank the laboratory staff of the LEJ Nanotechnology Centre, Pakistan. The author also acknowledges the lab assistants of Aalto University, Finland for their assistance in the membrane testing. Financial support from Nobelium Joining Gdańsk Tech Research Community (contract number DEC 33/2022/IDUB/l.1; NOBELIUM nr 036236) is gratefully acknowledged. R. Castro-Muñoz also acknowledges the School of Engineering and Science and the FEMSA-Biotechnology Center at Tecnológico de Monterrey for their support through the Bioprocess (0020209I13) Focus Group.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Alkaline direct methanol fuel cells
Crosslinked composite membrane
Phase inversion
Poly(vinyl alcohol)
PVA/TiO

Access to Document

10.1016/j.mseb.2023.116929

Cite this

@article{069d5cbb5bdb4babbf727e3aae6c67c8,

title = "Retracted article: Fabrication of the cross-linked PVA/TiO2/C nanocomposite membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells",

abstract = "A crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) based composite membrane was developed through a phase inversion process for use in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFCs). The titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) have been incorporated into the PVA polymer matrix to improve the mechanical and thermal properties. The membrane samples were further modified with maleic acid, a carboxylic acid acting as the cross-linker, under controlled temperature and time conditions to enhance electrochemical properties. The mechanical strength and thermal stability of membranes were determined using a Universal testing machine (UTM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the crystallographic and morphological features were examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The proton conductivity (σ), methanol permeability, and water uptake (\%) were also assessed. The XRD curves, SEM images, and TGA trends confirmed the successful cross-linking of maleic acid, uniform dispersion of nanoparticles (NPs), and excellent thermal stability in the crosslinked PVA-TiO2-C membrane. This sample also exhibited the highest tensile strength (163 MPa), and lower permeability (45000 Ss/cm3). Moreover, the ionic conductivity was obtained in the order of 10−2 S/cm. These combined characteristics position the cross-linked PVA-TiO2-C membrane as a promising candidate for application in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFCs).",

keywords = "Alkaline direct methanol fuel cells, Crosslinked composite membrane, Phase inversion, Poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA/TiO",

author = "Faiz Khalid and Roy, \{Aashis S.\} and Ameena Parveen and Roberto Castro-Mu{\~n}oz",

note = "Funding Information: The author would like to thank the laboratory staff of the LEJ Nanotechnology Centre, Pakistan. The author also acknowledges the lab assistants of Aalto University, Finland for their assistance in the membrane testing. Financial support from Nobelium Joining Gda{\'n}sk Tech Research Community (contract number DEC 33/2022/IDUB/l.1; NOBELIUM nr 036236) is gratefully acknowledged. R. Castro-Mu{\~n}oz also acknowledges the School of Engineering and Science and the FEMSA-Biotechnology Center at Tecnol{\'o}gico de Monterrey for their support through the Bioprocess (0020209I13) Focus Group. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2024",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.mseb.2023.116929",

language = "English",

volume = "299",

journal = "Materials Science and Engineering B: Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials",

issn = "0921-5107",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Retracted article: Fabrication of the cross-linked PVA/TiO₂/C nanocomposite membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells. / Khalid, Faiz; Roy, Aashis S.; Parveen, Ameena et al.
In: Materials Science and Engineering B: Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials, Vol. 299, 116929, 01.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Retracted article: Fabrication of the cross-linked PVA/TiO2/C nanocomposite membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

AU - Khalid, Faiz

AU - Roy, Aashis S.

AU - Parveen, Ameena

AU - Castro-Muñoz, Roberto

N1 - Funding Information: The author would like to thank the laboratory staff of the LEJ Nanotechnology Centre, Pakistan. The author also acknowledges the lab assistants of Aalto University, Finland for their assistance in the membrane testing. Financial support from Nobelium Joining Gdańsk Tech Research Community (contract number DEC 33/2022/IDUB/l.1; NOBELIUM nr 036236) is gratefully acknowledged. R. Castro-Muñoz also acknowledges the School of Engineering and Science and the FEMSA-Biotechnology Center at Tecnológico de Monterrey for their support through the Bioprocess (0020209I13) Focus Group. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2024/1

Y1 - 2024/1

N2 - A crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) based composite membrane was developed through a phase inversion process for use in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFCs). The titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) have been incorporated into the PVA polymer matrix to improve the mechanical and thermal properties. The membrane samples were further modified with maleic acid, a carboxylic acid acting as the cross-linker, under controlled temperature and time conditions to enhance electrochemical properties. The mechanical strength and thermal stability of membranes were determined using a Universal testing machine (UTM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the crystallographic and morphological features were examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The proton conductivity (σ), methanol permeability, and water uptake (%) were also assessed. The XRD curves, SEM images, and TGA trends confirmed the successful cross-linking of maleic acid, uniform dispersion of nanoparticles (NPs), and excellent thermal stability in the crosslinked PVA-TiO2-C membrane. This sample also exhibited the highest tensile strength (163 MPa), and lower permeability (45000 Ss/cm3). Moreover, the ionic conductivity was obtained in the order of 10−2 S/cm. These combined characteristics position the cross-linked PVA-TiO2-C membrane as a promising candidate for application in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFCs).

AB - A crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) based composite membrane was developed through a phase inversion process for use in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFCs). The titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) have been incorporated into the PVA polymer matrix to improve the mechanical and thermal properties. The membrane samples were further modified with maleic acid, a carboxylic acid acting as the cross-linker, under controlled temperature and time conditions to enhance electrochemical properties. The mechanical strength and thermal stability of membranes were determined using a Universal testing machine (UTM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the crystallographic and morphological features were examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The proton conductivity (σ), methanol permeability, and water uptake (%) were also assessed. The XRD curves, SEM images, and TGA trends confirmed the successful cross-linking of maleic acid, uniform dispersion of nanoparticles (NPs), and excellent thermal stability in the crosslinked PVA-TiO2-C membrane. This sample also exhibited the highest tensile strength (163 MPa), and lower permeability (45000 Ss/cm3). Moreover, the ionic conductivity was obtained in the order of 10−2 S/cm. These combined characteristics position the cross-linked PVA-TiO2-C membrane as a promising candidate for application in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFCs).

KW - Alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

KW - Crosslinked composite membrane

KW - Phase inversion

KW - Poly(vinyl alcohol)

KW - PVA/TiO

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85173251213

U2 - 10.1016/j.mseb.2023.116929

DO - 10.1016/j.mseb.2023.116929

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85173251213

SN - 0921-5107

VL - 299

JO - Materials Science and Engineering B: Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials

JF - Materials Science and Engineering B: Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials

M1 - 116929

ER -