Research Progress on CO₂ Geological Storage Reservoir and Caprock Mechanics : Methods and Status

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have caused serious global climate change, and countries worldwide are taking steps to mitigate the greenhouse effect caused by carbon emissions. CO₂ geological storage (CGS) is emerging as a large-scale technology for reducing GHG emissions and is gradually becoming one of the most important means of mitigating the greenhouse effect. There are several problems in the implementation of this technology, among which the geomechanical problems caused by injection sequestration cannot be ignored. This article reviews the impacts and hazards of geomechanical problems caused by injection and sequestration in CGS, which can lead to risks, including changes in reservoir and caprock mechanical properties, reservoir stability, caprock closure, fault activation, and induced seismicity during CO₂ injection and sequestration. This article reviews the above studies and summarizes the research methods of CGS geomechanical problems and generation mechanisms, which can help to comprehensively understand the risks faced in the CGS process and provide references and guidance for the operation, monitoring, and research of CGS in the future.