TY - JOUR
T1 - Radial deformation and failure of stabilised soft clay under uniaxial compression
AU - Li, Zhong Sen
AU - Zhang, Yinning
AU - Janiszewski, Mateusz
AU - Korkiala-Tanttu, Leena
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank their partners (City of Helsinki, Ecolan Oy, Finnsementti and Nordkalk Oy) for providing the binders/clays. The technical group at Aalto Civil Engineering Department helped in building the photogrammetric studio. The comments of Professor Jean-Marie Fleureau on the initial draft of this paper are acknowledged. Data presented in the present study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - This study examined the performances of four newly developed binders in stabilising soft Finnish clay by considering both the mechanical behaviour and environmental effect (i.e., carbon footprint). Thirty-six compacted clay-binder mixtures were investigated via uniaxial compression tests, during which photogrammetric scans were performed at axial strains of 0, 1, 3, and 7.5%. The testing protocol enabled the characterisation of full-field radial deformations and fracture developments. Experimental results demonstrated that varying the amounts and types of industrial by-products used in the production of binders has substantial potential to reduce carbon footprints. In terms of radial deformations, their distributions were highly non-uniform at different heights and loading stages. Radial displacements increased continuously at axial strains smaller than 3% (corresponding to peak strength point), whereas such a continuity disappeared afterwards, and global failures appeared. Based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions, the observed failures were categorised into three modes: inclined shearing (IS), axial splitting (AS) and hybrid shearing-splitting (HSS). For the studied specimens, shearing was the most common mechanism leading to failure. (C) 2022 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Geotechnical Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
AB - This study examined the performances of four newly developed binders in stabilising soft Finnish clay by considering both the mechanical behaviour and environmental effect (i.e., carbon footprint). Thirty-six compacted clay-binder mixtures were investigated via uniaxial compression tests, during which photogrammetric scans were performed at axial strains of 0, 1, 3, and 7.5%. The testing protocol enabled the characterisation of full-field radial deformations and fracture developments. Experimental results demonstrated that varying the amounts and types of industrial by-products used in the production of binders has substantial potential to reduce carbon footprints. In terms of radial deformations, their distributions were highly non-uniform at different heights and loading stages. Radial displacements increased continuously at axial strains smaller than 3% (corresponding to peak strength point), whereas such a continuity disappeared afterwards, and global failures appeared. Based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions, the observed failures were categorised into three modes: inclined shearing (IS), axial splitting (AS) and hybrid shearing-splitting (HSS). For the studied specimens, shearing was the most common mechanism leading to failure. (C) 2022 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Geotechnical Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
KW - CO emissions per strength
KW - Compressive cracks
KW - Failure mode
KW - Photogrammetry
KW - Stabilised soft clay
KW - Sustainable binder mixture
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137180993&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.sandf.2022.101213
DO - 10.1016/j.sandf.2022.101213
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85137180993
SN - 0038-0806
VL - 62
JO - SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
JF - SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
IS - 5
M1 - 101213
ER -