Post-GPT Policy: Risk and Regulation in EU AI Discourse

Kaisla Kajava; Emily Öhman; Nicole Takagi; Elissa Nakajima-Wickham; Fedor Vitiugin

doi:10.1609/icwsm.v19i1.35856

Post-GPT Policy: Risk and Regulation in EU AI Discourse

Kaisla Kajava^*, Emily Öhman, Nicole Takagi, Elissa Nakajima-Wickham, Fedor Vitiugin

^*Corresponding author for this work

Waseda University

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

The ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI) systems across society has generated discussion around risks posed by general-purpose AI (GPAI) technologies. At the same time, harmonized AI regulation is being devised in the European Union (EU) to ensure responsible AI development and uptake. This paper presents a mixed-methods study combining approaches from natural language processing (NLP) and qualitative content analysis to study shifting risk discourse in EU policy-related documents and media articles. The research is anchored around two recent events in the AI space: the popularization of GPAI following the release of ChatGPT and the introduction of the EU AI Act (AIA) regulation. The findings reveal a discursive emphasis on cybersecurity, regional imbalance of computational resources, education and AI literacy, and the implications of risks occurring at scale.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media
Editors	Jisun An, Yu-Ru Lin, Yelena Mejova, Eni Mustafaraj, Juhi Kulshrestha, Ingmar Weber
Publisher	AAAI Press
Pages	994-1006
Volume	19
ISBN (Print)	978-1-57735-900-5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v19i1.35856
Publication status	Published - 7 Jun 2025
MoE publication type	A4 Conference publication
Event	International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media - Copenhagen, Denmark Duration: 23 Jun 2025 → 26 Jun 2025

Conference

Conference	International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media
Abbreviated title	ICWSM
Country/Territory	Denmark
City	Copenhagen
Period	23/06/2025 → 26/06/2025

Access to Document

10.1609/icwsm.v19i1.35856

Corpora of AI discourse 2020-2024
Kajava, K. (Creator), Zenodo, 21 Oct 2025
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17406455
Dataset

1 Finished
1 Active

CAAI-AoF: Civic Agency in AI? Democratizing Algorithmic Services in the Public Sector
Sawhney, N. (Principal investigator), Drobotowicz, K. (Project Member), Rannisto, A. (Project Member), Gonzalez Torres, A. P. (Project Member), Lee, S. (Project Member) & Kajava, K. (Project Member)
01/09/2023 → 31/08/2027
Project: RCF Academy Project
STN / Trust-M / Bäckström: Designing Inclusive & Trustworthy Digital Public Services for Migrants in Finland
Bäckström, T. (Principal investigator), Rech, S. (Project Member), Minkkinen, V.-V. (Project Member) & Kovanen, S. (Project Member)
01/10/2022 → 30/09/2025
Project: RCF SRC (STN)

Cite this

Kajava, K., Öhman, E., Takagi, N., Nakajima-Wickham, E., & Vitiugin, F. (2025). Post-GPT Policy: Risk and Regulation in EU AI Discourse. In J. An, Y.-R. Lin, Y. Mejova, E. Mustafaraj, J. Kulshrestha, & I. Weber (Eds.), Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (Vol. 19, pp. 994-1006). AAAI Press. https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v19i1.35856

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title = "Post-GPT Policy: Risk and Regulation in EU AI Discourse",

abstract = "The ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI) systems across society has generated discussion around risks posed by general-purpose AI (GPAI) technologies. At the same time, harmonized AI regulation is being devised in the European Union (EU) to ensure responsible AI development and uptake. This paper presents a mixed-methods study combining approaches from natural language processing (NLP) and qualitative content analysis to study shifting risk discourse in EU policy-related documents and media articles. The research is anchored around two recent events in the AI space: the popularization of GPAI following the release of ChatGPT and the introduction of the EU AI Act (AIA) regulation. The findings reveal a discursive emphasis on cybersecurity, regional imbalance of computational resources, education and AI literacy, and the implications of risks occurring at scale. ",

author = "Kaisla Kajava and Emily {\"O}hman and Nicole Takagi and Elissa Nakajima-Wickham and Fedor Vitiugin",

year = "2025",

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doi = "10.1609/icwsm.v19i1.35856",

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booktitle = "Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media",

publisher = "AAAI Press",

address = "United States",

note = "International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, ICWSM ; Conference date: 23-06-2025 Through 26-06-2025",

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Kajava, K, Öhman, E, Takagi, N, Nakajima-Wickham, E & Vitiugin, F 2025, Post-GPT Policy: Risk and Regulation in EU AI Discourse. in J An, Y-R Lin, Y Mejova, E Mustafaraj, J Kulshrestha & I Weber (eds), Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. vol. 19, AAAI Press, pp. 994-1006, International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Copenhagen, Denmark, 23/06/2025. https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v19i1.35856

Post-GPT Policy: Risk and Regulation in EU AI Discourse. / Kajava, Kaisla; Öhman, Emily; Takagi, Nicole et al.
Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. ed. / Jisun An; Yu-Ru Lin; Yelena Mejova; Eni Mustafaraj; Juhi Kulshrestha; Ingmar Weber. Vol. 19 AAAI Press, 2025. p. 994-1006.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

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T1 - Post-GPT Policy: Risk and Regulation in EU AI Discourse

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AB - The ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI) systems across society has generated discussion around risks posed by general-purpose AI (GPAI) technologies. At the same time, harmonized AI regulation is being devised in the European Union (EU) to ensure responsible AI development and uptake. This paper presents a mixed-methods study combining approaches from natural language processing (NLP) and qualitative content analysis to study shifting risk discourse in EU policy-related documents and media articles. The research is anchored around two recent events in the AI space: the popularization of GPAI following the release of ChatGPT and the introduction of the EU AI Act (AIA) regulation. The findings reveal a discursive emphasis on cybersecurity, regional imbalance of computational resources, education and AI literacy, and the implications of risks occurring at scale.

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BT - Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media

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A2 - Lin, Yu-Ru

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Post-GPT Policy: Risk and Regulation in EU AI Discourse

Abstract

Conference

Access to Document

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Datasets

Corpora of AI discourse 2020-2024

Projects

CAAI-AoF: Civic Agency in AI? Democratizing Algorithmic Services in the Public Sector

STN / Trust-M / Bäckström: Designing Inclusive & Trustworthy Digital Public Services for Migrants in Finland

Cite this