Phase Equilibria of Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 System at 1200 to 1600 °C in Air

Lina Nur Listiyowati; David Sibarani; Imam Santoso; Pekka Taskinen; Daniel Lindberg; Edy Sanwani; Mohammad Zaki Mubarok

doi:10.1007/s11669-025-01215-1

Phase Equilibria of Na₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ System at 1200 to 1600 °C in Air

Lina Nur Listiyowati
, David Sibarani
, Imam Santoso^*
, Pekka Taskinen
, Daniel Lindberg
, Edy Sanwani
, Mohammad Zaki Mubarok

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

The solid-liquid phase equilibria in the Na₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system, relevant in several industrial applications, were experimentally investigated. The liquidus compositions in the ternary system, at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1600 °C, at the saturation of solid SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and 3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂, were measured by the equilibration-quenching method using Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA) technique. This study introduces a new approach to achieving equilibrium more quickly, which is often challenging due to the slow formation of 3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂ (mullite). Furthermore, the use of EDS and EPMA enhances the accuracy of the results, marking a significant improvement over previous studies that relied on petrographic analysis. The experimental data obtained were compared with findings from earlier studies and with computed phase diagrams derived from two well-established thermodynamic databases. The insights gained from this investigation contribute to the existing body of knowledge and the thermodynamic models related to the Na₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	529–540
Journal	Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion
Volume	46
Issue number	6
Early online date	8 Nov 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-025-01215-1
Publication status	Published - Dec 2025
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to LPPM-ITB for the research funding through a scheme of Riset International 2022 [LPPM.PN-10-32-2022IT1.B07.1/TA.00/2022] and Beasiswa Saintek-BRIN 2020 for the Ph.D. scholarship to Lina Nur Listiyowati. The use of RAMI Infrastructure funded by Academy of Finland and hosted jointly by Aalto University, Finnish Geological Survey and VTT is kindly acknowledged.

Keywords

aluminosilicate
phase diagram
slag
thermodynamic equilibrium

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10.1007/s11669-025-01215-1

Cite this

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title = "Phase Equilibria of Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 System at 1200 to 1600 °C in Air",

abstract = "The solid-liquid phase equilibria in the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system, relevant in several industrial applications, were experimentally investigated. The liquidus compositions in the ternary system, at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1600 °C, at the saturation of solid SiO2, Al2O3, and 3Al2O3·2SiO2, were measured by the equilibration-quenching method using Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA) technique. This study introduces a new approach to achieving equilibrium more quickly, which is often challenging due to the slow formation of 3Al2O3·2SiO2 (mullite). Furthermore, the use of EDS and EPMA enhances the accuracy of the results, marking a significant improvement over previous studies that relied on petrographic analysis. The experimental data obtained were compared with findings from earlier studies and with computed phase diagrams derived from two well-established thermodynamic databases. The insights gained from this investigation contribute to the existing body of knowledge and the thermodynamic models related to the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system.",

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doi = "10.1007/s11669-025-01215-1",

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AU - Listiyowati, Lina Nur

AU - Sibarani, David

AU - Santoso, Imam

AU - Taskinen, Pekka

AU - Lindberg, Daniel

AU - Sanwani, Edy

AU - Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © ASM International 2025.

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - The solid-liquid phase equilibria in the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system, relevant in several industrial applications, were experimentally investigated. The liquidus compositions in the ternary system, at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1600 °C, at the saturation of solid SiO2, Al2O3, and 3Al2O3·2SiO2, were measured by the equilibration-quenching method using Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA) technique. This study introduces a new approach to achieving equilibrium more quickly, which is often challenging due to the slow formation of 3Al2O3·2SiO2 (mullite). Furthermore, the use of EDS and EPMA enhances the accuracy of the results, marking a significant improvement over previous studies that relied on petrographic analysis. The experimental data obtained were compared with findings from earlier studies and with computed phase diagrams derived from two well-established thermodynamic databases. The insights gained from this investigation contribute to the existing body of knowledge and the thermodynamic models related to the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system.

AB - The solid-liquid phase equilibria in the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system, relevant in several industrial applications, were experimentally investigated. The liquidus compositions in the ternary system, at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1600 °C, at the saturation of solid SiO2, Al2O3, and 3Al2O3·2SiO2, were measured by the equilibration-quenching method using Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA) technique. This study introduces a new approach to achieving equilibrium more quickly, which is often challenging due to the slow formation of 3Al2O3·2SiO2 (mullite). Furthermore, the use of EDS and EPMA enhances the accuracy of the results, marking a significant improvement over previous studies that relied on petrographic analysis. The experimental data obtained were compared with findings from earlier studies and with computed phase diagrams derived from two well-established thermodynamic databases. The insights gained from this investigation contribute to the existing body of knowledge and the thermodynamic models related to the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system.

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ER -

Phase Equilibria of Na₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ System at 1200 to 1600 °C in Air

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Phase Equilibria of Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 System at 1200 to 1600 °C in Air

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Phase Equilibria of Na₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ System at 1200 to 1600 °C in Air