Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al2O3–SiO2 Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O2) and p(SO2), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation

Miao Tian; Lassi Klemettinen; Min Chen; Pekka Taskinen; Mia Tiljander; Hugh O’Brien; Daniel Lindberg

doi:10.1007/s11663-024-03431-5

Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O₂) and p(SO₂), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation

Miao Tian
, Lassi Klemettinen
, Min Chen
, Pekka Taskinen^*
, Mia Tiljander
, Hugh O’Brien
, Daniel Lindberg

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

2 Citations (Web of Science)

14 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Understanding the role of major components of electric waste during smelting of these materials to recover valuable trace metals is poorly constrained by experimental data. In this study, phase equilibria and trace element deportments were studied at 1473 K (1200 °C) in conditions of combined sulfide concentrate and electric and electronic equipment waste processing in batchwise submerged lance smelting. In this system, liquid slag domain is limited by silica and magnetite saturation boundaries or primary phase fields at all alumina concentrations from alumina-free slags to silica-spinel double saturation. The impact of alumina concentration in slag at fixed oxygen and sulfur dioxide partial pressures on the distributions of Ag, Cu, In, Pb, and Sn was studied. Elemental concentrations in slag, matte, and solid magnetite (a Fe–Al spinel solid solution) were measured using electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry techniques. The observed impact of alumina on the distribution coefficient of silver, copper, and indium favored the matte phase at silica and magnetite saturation but lead and tin behaved differently within different primary phase fields as a function of alumina concentration.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2150-2163
Number of pages	14
Journal	Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
Volume	56
Issue number	3
Early online date	4 Feb 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-024-03431-5
Publication status	Published - Jun 2025
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This project utilized RawMatTERS Finland Infrastructure (RAMI) by Research Council of Finland, hosted jointly at Aalto University, GTK, and VTT in Espoo. The work was financed by School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University. Miao Tian is grateful for the financial support from the China Scholarship Council (Grant Number 202006370337). The authors are obliged to Professor A. Jokilaakso for the assistance and facilities during the secondment of one of the authors (MT).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production

Access to Document

10.1007/s11663-024-03431-5Licence: CC BY

Phase_Equilibria_and_Trace_Element_Deportments_in_Fe–O–Al2O3–SiO2_Slags_and_Molten_Copper_Matte_at_1473_KFinal published version, 2.27 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Tian, M., Klemettinen, L., Chen, M., Taskinen, P., Tiljander, M., O’Brien, H., & Lindberg, D. (2025). Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O₂) and p(SO₂), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 56(3), 2150-2163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-024-03431-5

Tian, Miao ; Klemettinen, Lassi ; Chen, Min et al. / Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O₂) and p(SO₂), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation. In: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science. 2025 ; Vol. 56, No. 3. pp. 2150-2163.

@article{73f1c8382bd947a4819f8446d89126aa,

title = "Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al2O3–SiO2 Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O2) and p(SO2), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation",

abstract = "Understanding the role of major components of electric waste during smelting of these materials to recover valuable trace metals is poorly constrained by experimental data. In this study, phase equilibria and trace element deportments were studied at 1473 K (1200 °C) in conditions of combined sulfide concentrate and electric and electronic equipment waste processing in batchwise submerged lance smelting. In this system, liquid slag domain is limited by silica and magnetite saturation boundaries or primary phase fields at all alumina concentrations from alumina-free slags to silica-spinel double saturation. The impact of alumina concentration in slag at fixed oxygen and sulfur dioxide partial pressures on the distributions of Ag, Cu, In, Pb, and Sn was studied. Elemental concentrations in slag, matte, and solid magnetite (a Fe–Al spinel solid solution) were measured using electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry techniques. The observed impact of alumina on the distribution coefficient of silver, copper, and indium favored the matte phase at silica and magnetite saturation but lead and tin behaved differently within different primary phase fields as a function of alumina concentration.",

author = "Miao Tian and Lassi Klemettinen and Min Chen and Pekka Taskinen and Mia Tiljander and Hugh O{\textquoteright}Brien and Daniel Lindberg",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025.",

year = "2025",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1007/s11663-024-03431-5",

language = "English",

volume = "56",

pages = "2150--2163",

journal = "Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science",

issn = "1073-5615",

publisher = "Springer",

number = "3",

}

Tian, M, Klemettinen, L, Chen, M, Taskinen, P, Tiljander, M, O’Brien, H & Lindberg, D 2025, 'Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O₂) and p(SO₂), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation', Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 2150-2163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-024-03431-5

Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O₂) and p(SO₂), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation. / Tian, Miao; Klemettinen, Lassi; Chen, Min et al.
In: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, Vol. 56, No. 3, 06.2025, p. 2150-2163.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al2O3–SiO2 Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O2) and p(SO2), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation

AU - Tian, Miao

AU - Klemettinen, Lassi

AU - Chen, Min

AU - Taskinen, Pekka

AU - Tiljander, Mia

AU - O’Brien, Hugh

AU - Lindberg, Daniel

PY - 2025/6

Y1 - 2025/6

N2 - Understanding the role of major components of electric waste during smelting of these materials to recover valuable trace metals is poorly constrained by experimental data. In this study, phase equilibria and trace element deportments were studied at 1473 K (1200 °C) in conditions of combined sulfide concentrate and electric and electronic equipment waste processing in batchwise submerged lance smelting. In this system, liquid slag domain is limited by silica and magnetite saturation boundaries or primary phase fields at all alumina concentrations from alumina-free slags to silica-spinel double saturation. The impact of alumina concentration in slag at fixed oxygen and sulfur dioxide partial pressures on the distributions of Ag, Cu, In, Pb, and Sn was studied. Elemental concentrations in slag, matte, and solid magnetite (a Fe–Al spinel solid solution) were measured using electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry techniques. The observed impact of alumina on the distribution coefficient of silver, copper, and indium favored the matte phase at silica and magnetite saturation but lead and tin behaved differently within different primary phase fields as a function of alumina concentration.

AB - Understanding the role of major components of electric waste during smelting of these materials to recover valuable trace metals is poorly constrained by experimental data. In this study, phase equilibria and trace element deportments were studied at 1473 K (1200 °C) in conditions of combined sulfide concentrate and electric and electronic equipment waste processing in batchwise submerged lance smelting. In this system, liquid slag domain is limited by silica and magnetite saturation boundaries or primary phase fields at all alumina concentrations from alumina-free slags to silica-spinel double saturation. The impact of alumina concentration in slag at fixed oxygen and sulfur dioxide partial pressures on the distributions of Ag, Cu, In, Pb, and Sn was studied. Elemental concentrations in slag, matte, and solid magnetite (a Fe–Al spinel solid solution) were measured using electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry techniques. The observed impact of alumina on the distribution coefficient of silver, copper, and indium favored the matte phase at silica and magnetite saturation but lead and tin behaved differently within different primary phase fields as a function of alumina concentration.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85217675784

UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-025-03506-x

U2 - 10.1007/s11663-024-03431-5

DO - 10.1007/s11663-024-03431-5

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85217675784

SN - 1073-5615

VL - 56

SP - 2150

EP - 2163

JO - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science

JF - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science

IS - 3

ER -

Tian M, Klemettinen L, Chen M, Taskinen P, Tiljander M, O’Brien H et al. Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O₂) and p(SO₂), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science. 2025 Jun;56(3):2150-2163. Epub 2025 Feb 4. doi: 10.1007/s11663-024-03431-5

Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O₂) and p(SO₂), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Raw Materials Research Infrastructure

Cite this

Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al2O3–SiO2 Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O2) and p(SO2), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Equipment

Raw Materials Research Infrastructure

Cite this

Phase Equilibria and Trace Element Deportments in Fe–O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Slags and Molten Copper Matte at 1473 K (1200 °C), Fixed p(O₂) and p(SO₂), and Silica/Magnetite Saturation