Performance of anisole and isobutanol as gasoline bio-blendstocks for spark ignition engines

Michał Wojcieszyk*, Lotta Knuutila, Yuri Kroyan, Mário de Pinto Balsemão, Rupali Tripathi, Juha Keskivali, Anna Karvo, Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio, Otto Blomstedt, Martti Larmi

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

Several countries have set ambitious targets for the transport sector that mandate a gradual increase in advanced biofuel content in the coming years. The current work addresses this transition and indicates two promising gasoline bio-blendstocks: anisole and isobutanol. The whole value chains of these bio-components were considered, focusing on end-use performance, but also analyz-ing feedstock and its conversion, well-to wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs. Three alternative fuels, namely a ternary blend (15% anisole, 15% isobutanol, 70% fossil gasoline on an energy basis) and two binary blends (15% anisole with fossil gasoline and 30% isobutanol with fossil gasoline), were tested, focusing on their drop-in applicability in spark ignition (SI) engines. The formulated liquid fuels performed well and showed the potential to increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 1.4% on average. Measured unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were increased on average by 12–29% and 17–51%, respectively. However, HC and CO concentrations and exhaust temperatures were at acceptable levels for proper catalyst operation. The studied blends were estimated to bring 11–22% of WTW GHG emission reductions compared to base gasoline. Additionally, the fleet performance and benefits of flexi-fuel vehicles (FFV) were modeled for ternary blends.

Original languageEnglish
Article number8729
Number of pages19
JournalSustainability (Switzerland)
Volume13
Issue number16
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 5 Aug 2021
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

  • Anisole
  • Emissions
  • Fuel blends
  • Isobutanol
  • Renewable gasoline
  • Spark ignition engine performance

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