Optical amplification by surface-plasmon-resonant Au grating substrates: Monolayer MoS2 with 170-fold second harmonic generation and 3-fold (off-resonance) Raman scattering

Joonas T. Holmi; Ramesh Raju; Jonas Ylönen; Nagarajan Subramaniyam; Harri Lipsanen

doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107077

Optical amplification by surface-plasmon-resonant Au grating substrates: Monolayer MoS2 with 170-fold second harmonic generation and 3-fold (off-resonance) Raman scattering

Joonas T. Holmi^*
, Ramesh Raju^*
, Jonas Ylönen
, Nagarajan Subramaniyam
, Harri Lipsanen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

104 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Nanoplasmonics is a potential game-changer in the development of next-generation on-chip photonic devices and computers, owing to the geometrically controlled and amplified linear and nonlinear optical processes. For instance, it resolves the limited light-matter interaction of the unique two-dimensional (2D) crystalline materials like semiconducting monolayer molybdenum disulfide (1L-MoS₂). Metal grating (MG) substrates excel at this because their surface plasmons (SPs) can lead to stark field confinement near the surface. This work studies optical amplification of 1L-MoS₂ on the gold (Au) MG substrate, which was designed to operate in a glycerol environment with SP resonance (SPR) at 850 nm excitation wavelength. Its design was verified by simulated and experimental reflectances, and topographically inspected by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two advanced imaging modalities, second harmonic generation (SHG) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) were used to evaluate its 170-fold SHG on- and 3-fold CRM off-resonance optical amplifications, respectively. Some MoS₂-to-grating adhesion issues due to trapped liquid showed as image nonuniformities. Possible improvements to limitations like surface roughness were also discussed. These Au MG substrates can boost conventional linear and nonlinear backscattering microscopies because they are tunable in the visible and near-infrared range by selecting geometry, metal, and environment.

Original language	English
Article number	107077
Number of pages	9
Journal	Superlattices and Microstructures
Volume	160
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107077
Publication status	Published - Dec 2021
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This work was made possible by the Au MG substrates developed, fabricated, and provided by the Xfold Imaging Oy company. The research was funded by various grants from Aalto University, Finland. Authors acknowledge funding from the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme, Photonics Research and Innovation, decision number: 320167. The experiments were conducted in Aalto University at the OtaNano ? Micronova Nanofabrication Centre and in University of Helsinki at the Biomedicum Imaging Unit. This work was made possible by the Au MG substrates developed, fabricated, and provided by the Xfold Imaging Oy company. The research was funded by various grants from Aalto University , Finland. Authors acknowledge funding from the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme, Photonics Research and Innovation , decision number: 320167. The experiments were conducted in Aalto University at the OtaNano – Micronova Nanofabrication Centre and in University of Helsinki at the Biomedicum Imaging Unit.

Keywords

Amplified nonlinear optical processes
Surface-enhanced light-matter interactions
Surface-plasmon-resonance optimized metal gratings
Two-dimensional van der Waals materials for on-chip photonic devices

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10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107077Licence: CC BY

Holmi_Optical_amplification_SuMiFinal published version, 4.43 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

@article{b1291819c57549be9b6730b580249fcb,

title = "Optical amplification by surface-plasmon-resonant Au grating substrates: Monolayer MoS2 with 170-fold second harmonic generation and 3-fold (off-resonance) Raman scattering",

abstract = "Nanoplasmonics is a potential game-changer in the development of next-generation on-chip photonic devices and computers, owing to the geometrically controlled and amplified linear and nonlinear optical processes. For instance, it resolves the limited light-matter interaction of the unique two-dimensional (2D) crystalline materials like semiconducting monolayer molybdenum disulfide (1L-MoS2). Metal grating (MG) substrates excel at this because their surface plasmons (SPs) can lead to stark field confinement near the surface. This work studies optical amplification of 1L-MoS2 on the gold (Au) MG substrate, which was designed to operate in a glycerol environment with SP resonance (SPR) at 850 nm excitation wavelength. Its design was verified by simulated and experimental reflectances, and topographically inspected by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two advanced imaging modalities, second harmonic generation (SHG) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) were used to evaluate its 170-fold SHG on- and 3-fold CRM off-resonance optical amplifications, respectively. Some MoS2-to-grating adhesion issues due to trapped liquid showed as image nonuniformities. Possible improvements to limitations like surface roughness were also discussed. These Au MG substrates can boost conventional linear and nonlinear backscattering microscopies because they are tunable in the visible and near-infrared range by selecting geometry, metal, and environment.",

keywords = "Amplified nonlinear optical processes, Surface-enhanced light-matter interactions, Surface-plasmon-resonance optimized metal gratings, Two-dimensional van der Waals materials for on-chip photonic devices",

author = "Holmi, \{Joonas T.\} and Ramesh Raju and Jonas Yl{\"o}nen and Nagarajan Subramaniyam and Harri Lipsanen",

note = "Funding Information: This work was made possible by the Au MG substrates developed, fabricated, and provided by the Xfold Imaging Oy company. The research was funded by various grants from Aalto University , Finland. Authors acknowledge funding from the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme, Photonics Research and Innovation , decision number: 320167. The experiments were conducted in Aalto University at the OtaNano – Micronova Nanofabrication Centre and in University of Helsinki at the Biomedicum Imaging Unit. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107077",

language = "English",

volume = "160",

journal = "Superlattices and Microstructures",

issn = "0749-6036",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Optical amplification by surface-plasmon-resonant Au grating substrates: Monolayer MoS2 with 170-fold second harmonic generation and 3-fold (off-resonance) Raman scattering. / Holmi, Joonas T.; Raju, Ramesh; Ylönen, Jonas et al.
In: Superlattices and Microstructures, Vol. 160, 107077, 12.2021.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Optical amplification by surface-plasmon-resonant Au grating substrates: Monolayer MoS2 with 170-fold second harmonic generation and 3-fold (off-resonance) Raman scattering

AU - Holmi, Joonas T.

AU - Raju, Ramesh

AU - Ylönen, Jonas

AU - Subramaniyam, Nagarajan

AU - Lipsanen, Harri

N1 - Funding Information: This work was made possible by the Au MG substrates developed, fabricated, and provided by the Xfold Imaging Oy company. The research was funded by various grants from Aalto University , Finland. Authors acknowledge funding from the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme, Photonics Research and Innovation , decision number: 320167. The experiments were conducted in Aalto University at the OtaNano – Micronova Nanofabrication Centre and in University of Helsinki at the Biomedicum Imaging Unit. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors

PY - 2021/12

Y1 - 2021/12

N2 - Nanoplasmonics is a potential game-changer in the development of next-generation on-chip photonic devices and computers, owing to the geometrically controlled and amplified linear and nonlinear optical processes. For instance, it resolves the limited light-matter interaction of the unique two-dimensional (2D) crystalline materials like semiconducting monolayer molybdenum disulfide (1L-MoS2). Metal grating (MG) substrates excel at this because their surface plasmons (SPs) can lead to stark field confinement near the surface. This work studies optical amplification of 1L-MoS2 on the gold (Au) MG substrate, which was designed to operate in a glycerol environment with SP resonance (SPR) at 850 nm excitation wavelength. Its design was verified by simulated and experimental reflectances, and topographically inspected by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two advanced imaging modalities, second harmonic generation (SHG) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) were used to evaluate its 170-fold SHG on- and 3-fold CRM off-resonance optical amplifications, respectively. Some MoS2-to-grating adhesion issues due to trapped liquid showed as image nonuniformities. Possible improvements to limitations like surface roughness were also discussed. These Au MG substrates can boost conventional linear and nonlinear backscattering microscopies because they are tunable in the visible and near-infrared range by selecting geometry, metal, and environment.

AB - Nanoplasmonics is a potential game-changer in the development of next-generation on-chip photonic devices and computers, owing to the geometrically controlled and amplified linear and nonlinear optical processes. For instance, it resolves the limited light-matter interaction of the unique two-dimensional (2D) crystalline materials like semiconducting monolayer molybdenum disulfide (1L-MoS2). Metal grating (MG) substrates excel at this because their surface plasmons (SPs) can lead to stark field confinement near the surface. This work studies optical amplification of 1L-MoS2 on the gold (Au) MG substrate, which was designed to operate in a glycerol environment with SP resonance (SPR) at 850 nm excitation wavelength. Its design was verified by simulated and experimental reflectances, and topographically inspected by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two advanced imaging modalities, second harmonic generation (SHG) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) were used to evaluate its 170-fold SHG on- and 3-fold CRM off-resonance optical amplifications, respectively. Some MoS2-to-grating adhesion issues due to trapped liquid showed as image nonuniformities. Possible improvements to limitations like surface roughness were also discussed. These Au MG substrates can boost conventional linear and nonlinear backscattering microscopies because they are tunable in the visible and near-infrared range by selecting geometry, metal, and environment.

KW - Amplified nonlinear optical processes

KW - Surface-enhanced light-matter interactions

KW - Surface-plasmon-resonance optimized metal gratings

KW - Two-dimensional van der Waals materials for on-chip photonic devices

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85118563614

U2 - 10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107077

DO - 10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107077

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85118563614

SN - 0749-6036

VL - 160

JO - Superlattices and Microstructures

JF - Superlattices and Microstructures

M1 - 107077

ER -

Optical amplification by surface-plasmon-resonant Au grating substrates: Monolayer MoS2 with 170-fold second harmonic generation and 3-fold (off-resonance) Raman scattering

Abstract

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PREIN: Photonics Research and Innovation

OtaNano

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Optical amplification by surface-plasmon-resonant Au grating substrates: Monolayer MoS2 with 170-fold second harmonic generation and 3-fold (off-resonance) Raman scattering

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

PREIN: Photonics Research and Innovation

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OtaNano

OtaNano - Nanofab

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