TY - GEN
T1 - On Using the Raspberry Pi Camera to Receive 8-PAM Signals in Optical Camera Communication
AU - Rego, Miguel
AU - Matus, Vicente
AU - Younus, Othman
AU - Dowhuszko, Alexis A.
AU - Ghassemlooy, Zabih
AU - Figueiredo, Monica
AU - Fonseca, Pedro
AU - Alves, Luis Nero
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 IEEE.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Optical Camera Communication (OCC) has emerged as a way of implementing Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) without the need of adding an additional interface to smart devices equipped with cameras, and is suitable for applications in Internet of Things (IoT), secure communications, indoor positioning and electromagnetic interference sensitive scenarios. Given the fact that a camera consists of an array of photodetectors connected to analog-to-digital converters, we can leverage this fact to implement not only binary signal reception, but also a multi-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) receiver. In this paper, we explore the usage of the Raspberry Pi Camera V2.1 as a receiver for implementing 8-PAM OCC, focusing on the technical characteristics of this camera and identifying the limitations that arise from its low cost. A decoder algorithm is proposed, aimed at circumventing the identified limitations with signal processing solutions. The proposed algorithm was experimentally validated in an indoor scenario and a Symbol Error Rate (SER) was measured for up to 1.8m, remaining under 1.3%.
AB - Optical Camera Communication (OCC) has emerged as a way of implementing Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) without the need of adding an additional interface to smart devices equipped with cameras, and is suitable for applications in Internet of Things (IoT), secure communications, indoor positioning and electromagnetic interference sensitive scenarios. Given the fact that a camera consists of an array of photodetectors connected to analog-to-digital converters, we can leverage this fact to implement not only binary signal reception, but also a multi-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) receiver. In this paper, we explore the usage of the Raspberry Pi Camera V2.1 as a receiver for implementing 8-PAM OCC, focusing on the technical characteristics of this camera and identifying the limitations that arise from its low cost. A decoder algorithm is proposed, aimed at circumventing the identified limitations with signal processing solutions. The proposed algorithm was experimentally validated in an indoor scenario and a Symbol Error Rate (SER) was measured for up to 1.8m, remaining under 1.3%.
KW - optical camera communication
KW - pulse amplitude modulation
KW - rolling shutter
KW - visible light communication
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85203706421&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/CSNDSP60683.2024.10636649
DO - 10.1109/CSNDSP60683.2024.10636649
M3 - Conference article in proceedings
AN - SCOPUS:85203706421
T3 - International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing
SP - 609
EP - 614
BT - 2024 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, CSNDSP 2024
PB - IEEE
T2 - International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing
Y2 - 17 July 2024 through 19 July 2024
ER -