Projects per year
Abstract
The increasing demand for metals and the tightening environmental restrictions on industries have led to a situation where improvements of new and existing process technologies for higher metal recoveries from primary and secondary resources are needed. This, in turn, requires a better understanding of process chemistry. The present study provides important fundamental information on the equilibrium reduction path and the formation of metal alloy in an electric furnace under nickel slag cleaning conditions, as well as the chemical properties of Ni, Co, Cu and P at these conditions. High-temperature equilibration experiments were conducted on magnesia-iron-silicate slags at silica saturation at 1400 ˚C (1637.15 K) and in the oxygen partial pressure range of 10−11–10−7 atm (1.01325 × 10−6–10−2 Pa). The samples were analyzed by electron microprobe (EPMA) for major and minor elements and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) for trace element compositions. Initially the slag contained 2 wt% Ni and 1 wt% Cu, Co and P each, added as oxides, and at PO2 = 10−7 atm, these metals were only present in the slag with no metal alloy formed. At lower partial pressures, the alloy formed and its composition changed from 90wt-% Ni-rich to 50 wt-% Ni – 40 wt% Fe alloy as the PO2 decreased. Copper vaporized to a great extent at all conditions. The minor metals were shown to be present as NiO, PO2.5, CoO and CuO0.5 species in slag over the PO2 = 10−8–10−10 atm range.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 719-730 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
Volume | 15 |
Early online date | 10 Aug 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Nov 2021 |
MoE publication type | A2 Review article, Literature review, Systematic review |
Keywords
- Battery metals
- LA-ICP-MS
- Nickel processing
- Reduction
- Thermodynamic modelling
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Dive into the research topics of 'Ni–Fe–Co alloy – magnesia-iron-silicate slag equilibria and the behavior of minor elements Cu and P in nickel slag cleaning'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
- 1 Finished
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BATCIRCLE: Finland-based Circular Ecosystem of Battery Metals
Lundström, M. (Principal investigator), Porvali, A. (Project Member), Aromaa-Stubb, R. (Project Member), Aromaa, J. (Project Member), Wilson, B. (Project Member), Kalliomäki, T. (Project Member), Karppinen, A. (Project Member), Revitzer, H. (Project Member), Zhang, J. (Project Member), Chernyaev, A. (Project Member), Zou, Y. (Project Member), Hu, F. (Project Member), Ke, P. (Project Member), Liu, F. (Project Member), Rinne, M. (Project Member), Khalid, M. K. (Project Member), Palomäki, H. (Project Member), Partinen, J. (Project Member), Seisko, S. (Project Member), Peng, C. (Project Member), Sahlman, M. (Project Member), Wang, Z. (Project Member), Shukla, S. (Project Member), Forde, G. (Project Member) & Ruismäki, R. (Project Member)
01/01/2019 → 30/04/2021
Project: Business Finland: Other research funding
Equipment
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Raw Materials Research Infrastructure
Karppinen, M. (Manager)
School of Chemical EngineeringFacility/equipment: Facility