Models of optical emission lines to investigate narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies in spectroscopic databases

Thanks to the execution of extensive spectroscopic surveys that have covered large fractions of the sky down to magnitudes as faint as i ≈ 19, it has been possible to identify several narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) and to investigate their properties over a large range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The interpretation of their nature, however, is still hampered by the statistical uncertainties related to the way in which NLS1 candidates are selected. In this contribution, we present a study to detect and to model emission lines in optical spectra extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), adopting the most proper strategy to identify the source of line excitation and to produce a detailed model with measurements of several emission line parameters. We demonstrate the application of this technique to explore fundamental questions, such as the presence of gas and dust around the core of AGNs and the spectral energy distribution of their ionizing radiation. We compare the spectral properties of NLS1s with those of other type 1 active galaxies and we summarize the potential of this approach to identify NLS1s in present day and future spectroscopic surveys. We finally consider the implications of multi-frequency data analysis in the debate concerning the intrinsic nature of NLS1s.